Masaje Con Aromaterapia: Efectividad Sobre La Ansiedad De Usuarios Con
                  Trastornos De Personalidad En Hospitalización Psiquiátrica

Domingos, Thiago da Silva; Braga, Eliana Mara

doi:10.1590/S0080-623420150000300013

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Artigo Original • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 49 (3) • Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000300013 copiar

Masaje Con Aromaterapia: Efectividad Sobre La Ansiedad De Usuarios Con Trastornos De Personalidad En Hospitalización Psiquiátrica

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJETIVO

Investigar la efectividad del masaje con aromaterapia utilizando aceites esenciales de Lavandula angustifolia y Pelargonium graveolens (0,5%) para la disminución de la ansiedad de pacientes con Trastornos de Personalidad durante la estancia en hospital psiquiátrico.

MÉTODO

Ensayo clínico no controlado con 50 sujetos sometidos a seis masajes con aromaterapia, realizados en días alternados, en la región cervical y torácica posterior. Fueron recogidos datos vitales (frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria) antes y después de cada sesión y se aplicó una escala sobre ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo), en el inicio y término de la intervención. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante la prueba t pareada y de chi cuadrado.

RESULTADOS

Hubo disminución estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001) de los promedios de las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria tras cada sesión de intervención, así como en el puntaje del inventario.

CONCLUSIÓN

La aromaterapia demostró ser efectiva en el alivio de la ansiedad, considerando la reducción de las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria en pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos de la personalidad durante la hospitalización psiquiátrica.

Trastornos de la Personalidad; Ansiedad; Masaje; Aromaterapia; Terapias Complementarias; Enfermería Psiquiátrica

	Female		Male
	n	%	n	%
	39	78	11	22

Age range
18 - 37 years	23	58.9	9	81.9
38 - 57 years	13	33.3	2	18.1
58 - 62 years	3	7.8	0	0

ICD-10
F60.0	1	2.56	1	9.09
F60.1	1	2.56	0	0
F60.2	0	0	1	9.09
F60.3	28	71.8	5	45.5
F60.4	7	17.92	3	27.27
F60.7	2	5.12	1	9.09

Prior hospitalization
Yes	24	61.5	3	36.4
No	15	38.5	8	63.6

Previous treatment
Yes	34	87.2	7	72.7
No	5	12.8	4	27.3

Smoking
Yes	23	59	6	54.5
No	16	41	5	45.5

	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6
Heart rate
Before	91.0 ± 12.2^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	89.8 ± 11.3^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	86.3 ± 12.5^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	89.3 ± 12.8^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	88.4 ± 12.6^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	89.7 ± 12.1^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)
After	75.6 ± 10.5^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	74.8 ± 9.7^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	71.1 ± 10.8^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	73.0 ± 10.2^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	73.4 ± 11.0^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	73.3 ± 10.2^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)
Difference	15.4 ± 8.8	15.0 ± 7.8	15.2 ± 7.0	16.3 ± 8.4	15.0 ± 8.2	16.4 ± 8.3
Respiratory rate
Before	18.8 ± 3.8^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	18.5 ± 4.1^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	18.1 ± 4.5^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	19.2 ± 4.7^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	19.2 ± 4.9^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	18.9 ± 4.1^§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)
After	15.6 ± 3.5^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	15.4 ± 2.8^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	15.1 ± 3.1^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	15.1 ± 2.9^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	15.3 ± 2.8^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)	14.6 ± 2.1^§§ §-§§ Means followed by different symbols had statistical differences among each other through the t test (p < 0.05)
Difference	3.2 ± 3.2	3.1 ± 3.4	3.0 ± 3.1	4.1 ± 3.4	3.9 ± 4.5	4.3 ± 3.9
p	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

STAI-State categories	STAI
STAI-State categories	Before intervention	After intervention
Low	0	16
Moderate	41	32
High	9	2
Total	50	50

	Smoking		Previous treatment		Prior hospitalization
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Heart rate
68-80	4	9	3	10	7	6
81-90	6	6	8	4	11	2
91-100	7	7	9	5	12	1
101-114	6	5	7	4	11	0
Total	23	27	27	23	41	9
P value	0.6358		0.0790		0.0307
Respiratory rate
12-16	7	10	14	3	11	6
17-21	10	12	20	2	11	11
22-27	6	5	7	4	5	6
Total	23	27	41	9	27	23
P value	0.7846		0.1574		0.5354
STAI-State
Moderate	19	22	7	34	18	23
High	4	5	7	2	5	4
Total	23	27	14	36	23	27
P value	0.7903		0.0011		0.7903

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Thiago da Silva Domingos. Rua Bel Antonio Dias Lopes. 198 - Bairro Lorenzetti. CEP 17560-000 - Vera Cruz, SP, Brazil. thiagosd7@hotmail.com