Strategies for thirst management in postoperative adult patients: a scoping review

Silva, Tâmara Taynah Medeiros da; Dantas, Joyce Karolayne dos Santos; Araújo, Sara Cristina Matias de; Silva, Silmara de Oliveira; Dantas, Daniele Vieira; Dantas, Rodrigo Assis Neves

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0154

Tâmara Taynah Medeiros da Silva

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-2150

Joyce Karolayne dos Santos Dantas

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-8556

Sara Cristina Matias de Araújo

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-3063

Silmara de Oliveira Silva

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-5045

Daniele Vieira Dantas

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-2424

Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas Corresponding author: Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas E-mail: rodrigoenf@yahoo.com.br

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-2092

Corresponding author: Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas E-mail: rodrigoenf@yahoo.com.br

EDITOR IN CHIEF: Álvaro Sousa

ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Mitzy Danski

PCC	MESH/ DeCS		Keywords
*Population*	Patients *AND* Adults	OR	Clients/Cliente
*AND*
*Concept*	Thirst	OR	Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management
*AND*
*Context*	Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care	OR	Postoperative Procedures

N	Data Sources	Adopted Syntax
1	Web of Science^{^* * Web of Science; †LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; ‡Scopus - Elsevier Scopus; §MEDLINE - Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; \|\|CINAHL - Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health; ¶ScienceDirect;}	TS: (Patients OR Clients AND Adults) AND TS: (Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management) AND TS: (Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures)
2	LILACS^†	Patients OR Clients AND Adults AND Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management AND Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures
3	Scopus^‡	(TITLE-ABS-KEY (Patients OR Clients AND Adults)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management)) AND (TITLE-ABS-KEY (Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures))
4	MEDLINE^§	(“Patients” [All Fields] OR “Clients”[All Fields] AND “Adults” [All Fields]) AND (“Thirst” [All Fields] OR “Thirst Relief” [All Fields] OR “Thirst Management” [All Fields]) AND (“Postoperative Period” [All Fields] OR “Postoperative Care” [All Fields] OR “Postoperative Procedures” [All Fields])
5	CINAHL^\|\|	(Patients OR Clients AND Adults) AND (Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management) AND (Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures)
6	ScienceDirect^¶	(SU (Patients OR Clients AND Adults)) AND (SU (Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management)) AND (SU (Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures))
7	SciELO^{^ SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online; ††Cochrane Library; ‡‡Wiley - Wiley Online Library; §§PMC - PubMed Central; \|\|\|\|IBECS - Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud; ¶¶PAHO - Pan American Health Organization;}	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
8	Cochrane Library^††	(Patients OR Clients AND Adults)) AND (Thirst OR Thirst Relief OR Thirst Management)) AND (Postoperative Period OR Postoperative Care OR Postoperative Procedures))
9	Wiley^‡‡	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
10	PMC^§§	(“Patients” [All Fields] OR “Clients”[All Fields] AND “Adults” [All Fields]) AND (“Thirst” [All Fields] OR “Thirst Relief” [All Fields] OR “Thirst Management” [All Fields]) AND (“Postoperative Period” [All Fields] OR “Postoperative Care” [All Fields] OR “Postoperative Procedures” [All Fields])
11	IBECS^\|\|\|\|	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
12	PAHO^¶¶	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
13	WHOLIS^{^* * WHOLIS - World Health Organization Library Information System; †††BDENF - Base de Dados de Enfermagem ‡‡‡; Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações (CAPES);§§§RCAAP - Repositórios científicos de acesso aberto de Portugal; \|\|\|\|\|\|DART-Europe; ¶¶¶Trove da National Library of Australia;}	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
14	BDENF^†††	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
15	Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações (CAPES)^‡‡‡	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
16	RCAAP^§§§	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
17	DART-Europe^\|\|\|\|\|\|	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
18	Trove of National Library of Australia ^¶¶¶	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)
19	Theses Canada ^{^** ** Theses Canada.}	(“Patients” OR “Clients” AND “Adults”) AND (“Thirst” OR “Thirst Relief” OR “Thirst Management”) AND (“Postoperative Period” OR “Postoperative Care” OR “Postoperative Procedures”)

ID^*	Country	Year	Type of study	Data Source	Publication
E1(¹⁰10 Aroni P, Nascimento LA, Fonseca LF. Assessment strategies for the management of thirst in the post-anesthetic recovery room. Acta Paul Enferm. 2012;25(4):530-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000400008 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100201200... )	Brazil	2012	Experimental	SciELO	Acta Paulista de Enfermagem
E2(¹¹11 Moon YH, Lee YH, Jeong, IS. A comparison of effect between wet gauze with cold normal saline and wet gauze with cold water on postoperative thirst, oral cavity condition, and saliva pH. J Korean Fund Nurs. 2015;22(4):398-405. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2015.22.4.398 https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2015.22.4.... )	South Korea	2015	Quasi-experimental	Reverse Search	Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
E3(¹²12 Oh KE, Song AR, Sok SR. Effects of aroma gargling, cold water gargling, and wet gauze application on thirst, halitosis, and sore throat of patients after spine surgery. Holist Nurs Pract. 2017;31(4):253-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000219 https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.000000000000... )	South Korea	2017	Quasi-experimental	Web of Science	Holistic Nursing Pratice
E4(¹³13 Conchon MF, Fonseca LF. Efficacy of an ice popsicle on thirst management in the immediate postoperative period: a randomized clinical trial. J PeriAnesth Nurs. 2018;33(2):153-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2016.03.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2016.03.... )	Brazil	2018	Controlled Clinical	Scopus	Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing
E5(¹⁴14 Serato VM, Fahl-Fonseca L, Birolim MM, Rossetto EG, Mai LD, Garcia AKA, et al. Package of menthol measures for thirst relief: a randomized clinical study. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(3):600-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0057 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... )	Brazil	2019	Controlled Clinical Trial	Cochrane	Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
E6(¹⁵15 Marquini GV, Pinheiro FES, Vieira AUC, Pinto RMC, Uyeda MGBK, Girao MJBC, et al. Effects of preoperative fasting abbreviation with carbohydrate and protein solution on postoperative symptoms of gynecological surgeries: double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2020;46(5):e20192295. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20192295 https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20192... )	Brazil	2020	Controlled Clinical Trial	LILACS	Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
E7(¹⁶16 Lee CW, Liu ST, Cheng YJ, Chiu CT, Hsu YF, Chao A, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and optimized management of moderate-to-severe thirst in the post-anesthesia care unit. Sci Rep. 2020;10:e16183. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73235-5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73235... )	China	2020	Retrospective	PMC	Science Reports
E8(¹⁷17 Wu C, Liu Y, Yang L, Tang Y, Zhou L, Wang X, et al. Thirst Relief Effect of 0.75% Citric Acid Spray During the Anesthesia Recovery Period: a randomized controlled trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2021;6(6):642-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.01.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.01.... )	China	2021	Controlled Clinical Trial	Scopus	Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing
E9(¹⁸18 Akbuga GA, Baser M. Effect of preoperative oral liquid carbohydrate intake on blood glucose, fasting-thirst, and fatigue levels: a randomized controlled study. J Anesthesiol. 2021;71(3):247-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.02.053 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.02.... )	Turkey	2021	Controlled Clinical Trial o	SciELO	Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

ID^* * ID - Identification.	Thirst Management Strategy	Population	Intervention	Scales	Main Outcomes
E1	Water & Ice	90 patients in the IPO	Ingestion of 2 ml doses of water at room temperature and 2 ml ice packs	Visual scale adapted to measure thirst	The mean initial thirst intensity was 5.1 for the water group and 6.1 for the ice group. The Ice group had a final thirst intensity of 1.51 versus 2.33 from the Water group.
E2	Gauze with saline solution and gauze with water	56 postoperative patients.	Before the gauze is applied and 15, 30 and 45 minutes after the application.	Visual analog scale adapted for thirst.	The two interventions were effective in reducing thirst, saliva acidity and improving patients’ oral condition.
E3	Flavored gargling with peppermint and lemon, cold gargling, and wet gauze	70 post-spine surgery patients.	Ingestion of 60 ml flavored gargling solution used 3 times for 15 to 20 seconds.	Visual analog scale.	The degree of thirst in the study group using aromatic gargling was lower than in the control group that received cold gargling or wet gauze.
E4	Ice popsicle	208 patients in the postoperative period	Application of 10 ml of water at room temperature and 10 ml of ice popsicle	Visual analog scale	Ice popsicle was 37.8% more effective than water in terms of the variation in intensity between initial and final thirst.
E5	Mentholated measures (popsicle & lip moisturizer)	120 patients submitted to bariatric surgery.	Mentholated (1 ml popsicle with ultrafiltered water and 0.05% menthol and lip moisturizer with 1% menthol) and non-mentholated measures were used.	Numerical verbal scale.	There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in intensity, hydration, dryness, and taste in the oral cavity between the three evaluation/intervention periods.
E6	Fluid enriched with carbohydrate and protein.	80 patients submitted to gynecological surgery.	200 ml of a solution of distilled water, four drops of red dye and two drops of sucrose-based sweetener and 200 ml of a solution rich in carbohydrate (89%) and whey protein (11%), four hours before surgery.	Visual analog scale Facial pain scale	The intervention group showed less thirst compared to the control group (3.63 × 0.85).
E7	Ice, water, or oral hydrator.	1,211 patients admitted to the post-anesthesia recovery room (PARR).	Administration of 10 ml ice cube of distilled water, distilled water at room temperature (10 ml) or oral hydrator.	Visual analog scale.	Ice cubes had an estimated thirst intensity reduction of 0.93 points, followed by water at room temperature and oral hydrator.
E8	0.75% citric acid spray & cold water spray	112 patients intubated during surgery	Citric acid (0.75 g) solubilized in purified water (99.25 ml) was consumed to make up a volume of 100 ml and filled into a 30 ml transparent bottle of thin spray.	Numerical range from 0 (no thirst) to 10 (excessive thirst)	After five minutes, the thirst intensity score of the 0.75% citric acid spray group decreased from 5.57 to 3.09. The thirst intensity score of the cold-water spray group decreased from 5.29 to 3.73.
E9	Preoperative high-carbohydrate beverage	82 patients submitted to arthroscopic surgery	Use of 400 ml of grain-free sour cherry juice for the intervention group; no beverage was distributed to the control group.	Brief Fatigue Inventory	The mean thirst score in the first postoperative hour was 4.70 ± 1.59 in the intervention group and 6.36 ± 2.07 in the control group.

[1] Corresponding author: Rodrigo Assis Neves Dantas E-mail: rodrigoenf@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Strategies for thirst management in postoperative adult patients: a scoping review

Estrategias para el manejo de la sed de pacientes adultos en posoperatorio: revisión de ámbito

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Final Considerations: