This work is about a study performed with health agents that were trained by institutions pertainings to INAMPS hospitals, to act as volunteers in the metropolitan periphery areas of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Taking the urbanization process and the health attendance problem in the urban periphery related to the State's interference as the theoretical reference, the actual work seeks: - to analyse, through the health agents representation about their daily doings with the use of a popular wisdom, the basic features of the attendance to the community; - to analyse the legal implications in the insertion of a health agent as a volunteer in the urban periphyery. The author has chosen a qualitative approach that seeks to learn this reality throughout the speech of the studied group, the participant observation, the interviews and the analysis of the reports elaborated by the community