Are symptoms of depression and anxiety in nursing students associated with their sociodemographic characteristics?

Coelho, Letícia da Silva; Tony, Ana Carolina Carraro; Laguardia, Giovana Caetano de Araujo; Santos, Kelli Borges dos; Friedrich, Denise Barbosa de Castro; Cavalcante, Ricardo Bezerra; Carbogim, Fábio da Costa

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0503

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (suppl 3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0503 copy

Are symptoms of depression and anxiety in nursing students associated with their sociodemographic characteristics?

¿Los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería están asociados a sus características sociodemográficas?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to investigate symptoms of depression and anxiety and their association with the sociodemographic characteristics of undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:

a cross-sectional analytical study carried out with students from the Faculty of Nursing at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora from June to July 019. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories.

Results:

192 students participated, with a mean age of 21.44 (±3.56) years. 85.93% of participants were female. The mean depression score was 22.40 (±12.35), and anxiety was 17.56 (±11.98). There was a difference in the mean of the scales for sex and psychotropic drugs (p<0.05). Women presented moderate and severe classification for both scales. Severe symptoms prevailed among students from the 6^th to the 10^th semester (18.22%).

Conclusion:

there was an association between depression and anxiety symptoms related to gender and psychotropic drugs.

Descriptors:
Students, Nursing; Mental Health; Depression; Anxiety; Mental Disorders

Variable	Participants (%)	Depression Scale		Anxiety Scale
Variable	Participants (%)	Mean(SD)^* * Standard deviation;	p value^§ § Mann-Whitney test; ^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	Mean (SD)^* * Standard deviation;	p value^§ § Mann-Whitney test; ^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Sex
Female	165 (85.93)	23.06(12.19)	0.037^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	18.06(11.69)	0.049 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
Male	27 (14.07)	18.40(12.78)	0.037^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	14.51(13.51)	0.049 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
Race
Black	31 (16.15)	25.32(13.48)	0.384^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	19.35(12.07)	0.064^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Mixed-race	49 (25.52)	22.91(12.59)		20.83(12.99)
Asian	2 (1.04)	18.5(9.19)		3(4.24)
Indigenous	1 (0.52)	35		4
White	109 (56.77)	21.30(11.93)		15.97(11.16)
City
Different from family's city	74 (38.55)	23.25(12.83)	0.53^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	18.28(12)	0.471 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
Same family's city	118 (61.45)	21.87(12.06)	0.53^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	17.11(12.01)	0.471 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
Course semester
1st to 5th	98 (51.04)	20.80(11.43)	0.111^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	15.74(10.18)	0.091 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
6th to 10th	94 (48.96)	24.07(13.09)	0.111^§ § Mann-Whitney test;	19.45(13.41)	0.091 ^§ § Mann-Whitney test;
Physicial activity
None	92 (47.92)	20.93(12.37)	0.149^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	15.94(11.15)	0.188^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Once a week	67 (34.90)	22.91(11.76)		18.88(13.50)
Twice or more a week	33 (17.18)	25.48(13.15)		19.39(10.62)
Use
Alcohol	53 (27.60)	22.16(11.94)	0.819^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	16.75(11.04)	0.336^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Cigarette/nicotine	7 (3.65)	22.1(9.87)		21.3(12.90)
Marijuana	2 (1.04)	25.5(6.36)		27(2.82)
None	130 (67.71)	22.45(12.61)		17.73(12.39)
Psychotropic drug
Antidepressant	8 (4.17)	31.37(17.43)	0.036^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	29(13.84)	0.016^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Anxiolytic	22 (11.46)	18.90(11.14)		13(9.07)
Mood stabilizer	3 (1.56)	42.66(10.06)		38.33(22.47)
None	157 (81.77)	22.13(11.80)		17.22(11.47)
Other	2 (1.04)	16(14.14)		17.5(3.53)

Symptom levels	Depression		Anxiety
Symptom levels	Participants (%)	p value^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	Participants (%)	p value^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Minimal	57 (29.69)	< 0.001 ^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.	58 (30.21)	< 0.001 ^\|\| \|\| Kruskal-Wallis test.
Mild	31 (16.14)		57 (29.69)
Moderate	45 (23.44)		51 (26.56)
Severe	59 (30.73)		26 (13.54)

Variable	Minimal (%)	Mild (%)	Moderate (%)	Severe (%)	p value^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test; ^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Depression
Sex
Female	44 (22.92)	27 (14.07)	40 (20.83)	54 (28.13)	0.166^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Male	13 (6.77)	4 (2.08)	5 (2.60)	5 (2.60)	0.166^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Race
Black	7 (3.65)	4 (2.08)	7 (3.65)	13 (6.77)	0.826^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Mixed-race	15 (7.81)	6 (3.13)	13 (6.77)	15 (7.81)
Asian	1 (0.52)	0	1 (0.52)	0
Indigenous	0	0	0	1 (0.52)
White	34 (17.71)	21 (10.94)	24 (12.50)	30 (15.62)
City
Different from family's city	22 (11.46)	9 (4.69)	19 (9.90)	24 (12.50)	0.670^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Same family's city	35 (18.23)	22 (11.46)	26 (13.54)	35 (18.22)	0.670^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Course's semester
1st to 5th	32 (16.67)	19 (9.90)	23 (11.98)	24 (12.50)	0.218^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
6th to 10th	25 (13.02)	12 (6.25)	22 (11.46)	35 (18.22)	0.218^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Physical activity
None	32 (16.67)	17 (8.85)	18 (9.38)	25 (13.02)	0.519^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Once a week	18 (9.37)	10 (5.21)	16 (8.33)	23 (11.98)
Twice and more a week	7 (3.65)	4 (2.08)	11 (5.73)	11 (5.73)
Use
Alcohol	16 (8.34)	7 (3.65)	15 (7.81)	15 (7.81)	0.824^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Cigarette	0	3 (1.56)	2 (1.04)	2 (1.04)
Marijuana	0	0	1 (0.52)	1 (0.52)
none	41 (21.36)	22 (11.46)	27 (14.06)	40 (20.83)
Psychotropic drug
Antidepressant	2 (1.04)	1 (0.52)	1 (0.52)	4 (2.08)	0.205^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Anxiolytic	10 (5.21)	1 (0.52)	7 (3.65)	4 (2.08)
Mood stabilizer	0	0	0	3 (1.56)
None	44 (22.92)	29 (15.11)	36 (18.75)	48 (25.00)
Other	1 (0.52)	0	1 (0.52)	0
Anxiety
Sex
Female	46 (23.96)	49 (25.52)	48 (25)	22 (11.46)	0.145^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Male	12 (6.25)	8 (4.17)	3 (1.56)	4 (2.08)	0.145^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Race
Black	8 (4.17)	7 (3.65)	11 (5.73)	5 (2.60)	0.572^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Mixed-race	12 (6.25)	14 (7.29)	14 (7.29)	9 (4.69)
Asian	2 (1.04)	0	0	0
Indigenous	1 (0.52)	0	0	0
White	35 (18.23)	36 (18.75)	26 (13.54)	12 (6.25)
City
Different from family's city	20 (10.42)	22 (11.46)	22 (11.46)	10 (5.21)	0.835^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Same family's city	38 (19.79)	35 (18.23)	29 (15.10)	16 (8.33)	0.835^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Course's semester
1st to 5th	32 (16.67)	31 (16.15)	25 (13.02)	10 (5.21)	0.497^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
6th to 10th	26 (13.54)	26 (13.54)	26 (13.54)	16 (8.33)	0.497^\|\| \|\| Pearson's chi-square test.
Physical activity
None	34 (17.71)	24 (12.50)	23 (11.98)	11 (5.73)	0.322^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Once a week	17 (8.85)	24 (12.50)	15 (7.81)	11 (5.73)
Twice or more a week	7 (3.65)	9 (4.69)	13 (6.77)	4 (2.08)
Use
Alcohol	15 (7.81)	19 (9.90)	11 (5.73)	8 (4.17)	0.442^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
C igarette	2 (1.04)	3 (1.56)	2 (1.04)	0
Marijuana	0	0	2 (1.04)	0
None	41 (21.35)	35 (18.23)	37 (19.27)	17 (8.86)
Psychotropic drug
Antidepressant	1 (0.52)	1 (0.52)	2 (1.04)	4 (2.08)	0.033^‡ ‡ Fisher's exact test;
Anxiolytic	1 (0.52)	8 (4.17)	4 (2.08)	1 (0.52)
Mood stabilizer	0	1 (0.52)	0	2 (1.04)
None	50 (26.05)	48 (25.00)	46 (23.96)	21 (10.94)
Other	0	1 (0.52)	1 (0.52)	0

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[1] Corresponding author: Fábio da Costa Carbogim. E-mail: fabiocarbogim@gmail.com