Prácticas integradoras y complementarias: utilización por agentes comunitarios de salud en el autocuidado

Lima, Cássio de Almeida; Santos, Ana Maria Vitrícia de Souza; Messias, Romerson Brito; Costa, Fernanda Marques da; Barbosa, Dulce Aparecida; Silva, Carla Silvana de Oliveira e; Pinho, Lucinéia de; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0078

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (suppl 6) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0078 copiar

Prácticas integradoras y complementarias: utilización por agentes comunitarios de salud en el autocuidado

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Verificar la utilización de prácticas integradoras y complementarias (PICs) por agentes comunitarios de salud actuantes en los equipos de salud de la familia.

Método:

Investigación transversal, cuantitativa, realizada en la ciudad de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Se utilizó formulario estructurado para caracterización de los participantes y del uso de las PICs. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y bivariados.

Resultados:

La utilización de las PICs fue referida por 94 (40,7%) de los agentes. Predominó el uso de las plantas medicinales (32,5%). Hubo asociaciones entre: las PICs en general y la autopercepción negativa para la salud (p=0,032), la homeopatía y la educación superior (p=0,015), el masaje y la vida en pareja (p=0,024), la quiropraxia y el ingreso igual o menor que cuatro salarios mínimos (p=0,031), la relajación/meditación y tener una religión (p=0,028).

Conclusión:

El uso de las PICs fue verificado en el cuidado en salud de los agentes comunitarios. Es necesario reforzar estas prácticas para la promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades.

Descriptores:
Terapias Complementarias; Agentes Comunitarios de Salud; Estrategia de Salud Familiar; Atención Primaria de Salud; Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria

Variables	n	%
Sociodemographic
Gender
Female	197	85.3
Male	34	14.7
Age^* * Presence of missing (n=221);
Under 40 years old	173	74.9
40 years or older	58	25.1
Marital status
Without partner	109	47.2
With partner	122	52.8
Self-declared ethnicity
White	42	18.2
Mixed-race	140	60.6
Black	45	19.5
Yellow (Asian)	04	1.7
Religion
Catholic	148	64.1
Evangelic	68	29.4
Other	06	2.6
Without religion	09	3.9
Education level
8th grade or less	07	3.1
Some high school	05	2.2
High school	131	56.7
Some higher education	53	22.9
Higher education degree	35	15.1
Monthly household income^ Presence of missing (n=227);
Less than 1 minimum wage	03	1.3
1 to 3 minimum wages	183	80.6
More than 4 minimum wages	41	18.1
Family arrangement
Lives with 4 or more people	96	41.6
Lives with 0 to 3 people	135	58.4
Occupational
Time of performance as CHA^* ***** CHA: Community Health Agent.
1 to 3 years	82	35.5
> 3 years	149	64.5
Absences to work on last year
No absences	122	52.8
At least one absence	109	47.2
Health-related
Impact of work on health
No	43	18.6
Yes	188	81.4
Self-perception of health state
Positive	118	51.1
Negative	103	48.9

Use of integrative and complementary practice	n	%
Integrative and complementary practices
Yes	94	40.7
No	137	59.3
Acupuncture^* * Presence of missing (n=230).
Yes	5	2.2
No	225	97.8
Homeopathy
Yes	11	4.8
No	220	95.2
Medicinal plants
Yes	75	32.5
No	156	67.5
Massage
Yes	21	9.1
No	210	90.9
Orthomolecular Medicine
Yes	3	1.3
No	228	98.7
Chiropractic
Yes	3	1.3
No	228	98.7
Relaxation/Meditation
Yes	13	5.6
No	218	94.4

Independent variables	Integrative and complementary practice used n (%)
Independent variables	ICPs^* * PICs: práticas integrativas e complementares;	Acupuncture	Homeopathy	Medicinal plants	Massage	Orthomolecular Medicine	Chiropractic	Relaxation/ Meditation
Gender
Female	81 (86.2)	50 (100.0)	10 (90.9)	65 (86.7)	20 (95.2)	3 (100.0)	3 (100.0)	11 (84.6)
Male	13 (13.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (9.1)	10 (13.3)	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (15.4)
P value	0.752	0.588	0.589	0.680	0.177	0.469	0.469	0.944
Age
< 40 years old	72 (76.6)	3 (60.0)	9 (81.8)	58 (77.3)	15 (71.4)	2 (66.7)	3 (100.0)	11 (84.6)
≥ 40 years or older	22 (23.4)	2 (40.0)	2 (18.2)	17 (22.7)	6 (28.6)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (15.4)
P value	0.621	0.628	0.587	0.553	0.701	0.741	0.313	0.405
Marital status
Without partner	41 (43.6)	2 (40.0)	5 (45.5)	34 (45.3)	5 (23.8)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	7 (53.8)
With partner	53 (56.4)	5 (60.0)	6 (54.5)	41 (54.7)	16 (76.2)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	6 (46.2)
P value	0.368	0.604	0.906	0.696	0.024	0.629	0.629	0.620
Self-declared ethnicity
White	18 (19.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (9.1)	17 (22.7)	1 (4.8)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	1 (7.7)
Nonwhite	76 (80.9)	5 (100.0)	10 (90.9)	58 (77.3)	20 (95.2)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	12 (92.3)
P value	0.752	0.504	0.423	0.220	0.094	0.493	0.493	0.313
Religion
Has a religion	89 (94.7)	5 (100)	11 (100)	71 (94.7)	20 (95.2)	3 (100.0)	3 (100.0)	11 (84.6)
Does not have a religion	5 (5.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (5.3)	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (15.4)
P value	0.355	0.883	0.494	0.434	0.830	0.726	0.726	0.028
Education level
Higher education/some higher education	36 (38.3)	4 (80)	8 (72.7)	30 (40.0)	8 (38.1)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	6 (46.2)
Up to High School	58 (61.7)	1 (20)	3 (27.3)	45 (60.0)	13 (61.9)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	7 (53.8)
P value	0.958	0.111	0.015	0.679	1.000	0.305	0.305	0.538
Monthly income
≥ 4 minimum wages	18 (19.1)	1 (20.0)	3 (27.3)	15 (20.0)	3 (14.3)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	4 (30.8)
< 4 minimum wages	76 (80.9)	4 (80.0)	8 (72.7)	60 (80.0)	18 (85.7)	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	9 (69.2)
P value	0.863	0.889	0.450	0.708	0.593	0.510	0.031	0.246
Working time as CHA^ ACS: Agente Comunitário de Saúde.
1-3 years	35 (37.2)	3 (60.0)	4 (36.4)	32 (42.7)	8 (38.1)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	6 (46.2)
> 3 years	59 (62.8)	2 (40.0)	7 (63.6)	43 (57.3)	13 (61.9)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	7 (53.8)
P value	0.648	0.391	0.951	0.114	0.794	0.256	0.256	0.409
Impact of work on health
No	16 (17.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	12 (16.0)	3 (14.3)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (15.4)
Yes	78 (83.0)	5 (100.0)	11 (100.0)	63 (84.0)	18 (85.7)	2 (66.7)	3 (100.0)	11 (84.6)
P value	0.606	0.494	0.104	0.479	0.593	0.510	0.404	0.758
Absences to work on last year
No absences	43 (45.7)	2 (40.0)	4 (36.4)	33 (44.0)	11 (52.4)	2 (66.7)	3 (100.0)	5 (38.5)
At least one absence	51 (54.3)	3 (60.0)	7 (63.6)	42 (56.0)	10 (47.6)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	8 (61.5)
P value	0.075	0.479	0.263	0.063	0.967	0.629	0.099	0.286
Self-perception of health state
Positive	40 (42.6)	1 (20.0)	4 (36.4)	35 (46.7)	7 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	6 (46.2)
Negative	54 (57.4)	4 (80.0)	7 (63.6)	40 (53.3)	14 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	7 (53.8)
P value	0.032	0.217	0.317	0.352	0.088	0.536	0.587	0.714

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Cássio de Almeida Lima E-mail: cassioenf2014@gmail.com