Social and territorial inequalities in the mortality of children and adolescents due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Faria, Rivaldo Mauro de; Jantsch, Leonardo Bigolin; Neves, Eliane Tatsch; Hausen, Camila Freitas; Barros, Amanda Peres Zubiaurre de; Sehnem, Graciela Dutra; Miranda, Marina Jorge de

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0482

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (06) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0482 copy

Social and territorial inequalities in the mortality of children and adolescents due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Desigualdades sociales y territoriales en la mortalidad de niños y adolescentes por COVID-19 en Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the mortality rate of COVID-19 among children and adolescents aged 0 to 14 years.

Methods:

Ecological and exploratory study of children’s mortality rate by COVID-19 in Brazil, from February to October 2020. The study used the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome database to collect the data and made the analysis using descriptive spatial statistics by age and race/color classification.

Result:

The mortality rate due to COVID-19 represented 1.34 deaths per one hundred thousand in the total group evaluated. The age group with the highest frequency and mortality rate was 1 to 4 years of age. There is a higher frequency of deaths in the brown and Indigenous population.

Conclusion:

The distribution of deaths due to COVID-19 is unequal in the national territory, and there is a wide variation in the mortality rate by age and race/color groups.

Descriptors:
Coronavirus Infections; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Epidemiology; Mortality; Pediatric Nursing.

	Population^* * Population projected by IBGE, 2020. †Mortality rate: 1/100mil.	n	%	TM^†
<1	2,899.940	56	9.5	1.93
1-4	11,830.360	250	42.4	2.11
5-9	14,650.284	159	26.9	1.09
10-14	14,805.480	125	21.2	0.84
Total	44,186.064	590	100.0	1.34

Color/Race	Absolute frequency (n)					Absolute frequency (%)
Color/Race	< 1	1-4	5-9	10-14	Total	< 1	1-4	5-9	10-14	Total
White	9	42	28	32	111	16.1	16.8	17.6	25.6	18.8
Black	1	6	4	4	15	1.8	2.4	2.5	3.2	2.5
Yellow	1	0	2	1	4	1.8	0.0	1.3	0.8	0.7
Brown	23	135	85	66	309	41.1	54.0	53.5	52.8	52.4
Indigenous people	3	16	8	4	31	5.4	6.4	5.0	3.2	5.3
Unknown	19	51	32	18	120	33.9	20.4	20.1	14.4	20.3
Total	56	250	159	125	590	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Color/Race	Mortality rate per 100 thousand inhabitants
Color/Race	< 1	1-4	5-9	10-14	Total
White	0.58	0.75	0.44	0.52	0.56
Black	0.91	1.02	0.46	0.4	0.58
Yellow	4.57	0	1.46	0.72	0.99
Brown	1.91	2.48	1.19	0.89	1.46
Indigenous people	14.17	18.42	8.19	4.89	10.78

UF	Age group
	Absolute and relative frequency of deaths				Mortality rate per 100 thousand inhabitants
	< 1	1-4	5-9	10-14	< 1	1-4	5-9	10-14
Acre	0 (0)	2 (0.8)	1 (0.6)	1 (0.8)	0.0	3.0	1.2	1.1
Alagoas	1 (1.8)	7 (2.8)	9 (5.7)	2 (1.6)	2.0	3.5	3.4	0.7
Amazonas	3 (5.4)	12 (4.8)	11 (7)	6 (4.8)	3.8	3.7	2.7	1.5
Amapá	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	0 (0)	3 (2.4)	0.0	1.6	0.0	3.7
Bahia	3 (5.4)	14 (5.6)	12 (7.6)	4 (3.2)	1.5	1.7	1.2	0.4
Ceará	3 (5.4)	20 (8.1)	10 (6.4)	12 (9.7)	2.3	3.8	1.6	1.8
Distrito Federal	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Espírito Santo	2 (3.6)	7 (2.8)	2 (1.3)	2 (1.6)	3.5	3.0	0.7	0.7
Goiás	1 (1.8)	5 (2)	2 (1.3)	3 (2.4)	1.0	1.2	0.4	0.6
Maranhão	1 (1.8)	13 (5.2)	4 (2.5)	5 (4)	0.9	2.7	0.7	0.8
Minas Gerais	2 (3.6)	7 (2.8)	5 (3.2)	4 (3.2)	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.3
Mato Grosso do Sul	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	0	0	0
Mato Grosso	2 (3.6)	9 (3.6)	2 (1.3)	1 (0.8)	3.6	4.0	0.7	0.4
Pará	5 (8.9)	15 (6)	13 (8.3)	15 (12.1)	3.6	2.6	1.8	1.9
Paraíba	0 (0)	13 (5.2)	6 (3.8)	0 (0)	0.0	5.7	2.2	0.0
Pernambuco	18 (32.1)	35 (14.1)	18 (11.5)	10 (8.1)	13.6	6.3	2.5	1.4
Piauí	1 (1.8)	2 (0.8)	2 (1.3)	3 (2.4)	2.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
Paraná	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	2 (1.3)	3 (2.4)	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.4
Rio de Janeiro	3 (5.4)	27 (10.9)	14 (8.9)	12 (9.7)	1.4	3.0	1.3	1.1
Rio Grande do Norte	1 (1.8)	8 (3.2)	1 (0.6)	1 (0.8)	2.1	4.2	0.4	0.4
Rondônia	0 (0)	3 (1.2)	3 (1.9)	0 (0)	0.0	2.7	2.2	0.0
Roraima	0 (0)	9 (3.6)	3 (1.9)	1 (0.8)	0.0	18.9	5.4	1.9
Rio Grande do Sul	1 (1.8)	2 (0.8)	2 (1.3)	2 (1.6)	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.3
Santa Catarina	1 (1.8)	2 (0.8)	0 (0)	2 (1.6)	1.0	0.5	0.0	0.4
Sergipe	4 (7.1)	12 (4.8)	14 (8.9)	5 (4)	12.3	8.8	8.2	2.8
São Paulo	4 (7.1)	21 (8.5)	20 (12.7)	25 (20.2)	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8
Tocantins	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	1 (0.6)	2 (1.6)	0.0	1.0	0.8	1.5

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[1] Corresponding author: Leonardo Bigolin Jantsch E-mail: Leonardo.jantsch@ufsm.br