Residuos de los Servicios de Salud: el conocimiento de enfermeros de la Atención Básica

Sanches, Ana Paula Mhirdaui; Mekaro, Karen Sayuri; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; André, Silvia Carla da Silva

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0244

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (5) • Sep-Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0244 copiar

Residuos de los Servicios de Salud: el conocimiento de enfermeros de la Atención Básica

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

describir el conocimiento de los enfermeros sobre la gestión de los Residuos de Servicios de Salud (RSS) en Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) de São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo.

Método:

estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y de abordaje cuantitativo. La investigación fue realizada con los enfermeros de 16 USF del municipio de São Carlos-SP. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevista, utilizando un instrumento validado y que fueron analizados usando la estadística descriptiva.

Resultados:

se destaca que 68,7% (11) de los enfermeros no supieron describir cómo los residuos químicos eran segregados. Además, en cuanto al tratamiento de RSS, 50,0% (8) de los enfermeros no supieron informar si los residuos comunes eran sometidos a algún tipo de tratamiento.

Conclusión:

la gestión de los RSS puede ser considerada un desafío en la agenda de los enfermeros insertados en los servicios de Atención Básica, lo que remite a la necesidad de la implementación de capacitación periódica sobre el manejo de esos residuos.

Descriptores:
Residuos de Servicios de Salud; Gestión de Residuos; Atención Primaria a la Salud; Enfermería; Salud Pública

Characteristics	Amount	Number of nurses	% of nurses
Amount of HCW Per Day	3 kg - 6 kg	5	31.2
	30 l - 50 l	3	18.7
	50 l - 70 l	1	6.2
	70 l - 90 l	1	6.2
	Above 100 l	2	12.5
	Did know to inform	4	25
Pathological Waste	1 kg - 3 kg	4	25
	10 l - 20 l	5	31.2
	21 l - 30 l	1	6.2
	Above 30 l	1	6.2
	Did not know to inform	5	31.2
Chemical Waste	1 kg - 3 kg	3	18.7
Chemical Waste	Did not know to inform	13	81.2
Radioactive Waste	Do not produce	16	100
General Waste	1 kg - 4 kg	4	25
	1 l - 2 l	6	37.5
	Above 2 l	1	6.2
	Did not know to inform	5	31.2
Sharps Waste	0,2 kg - 1 kg	4	25
	1 l - 2 l	6	37.5
	Above 2 l	1	6.2
	Did not know to inform	5	31.2

Waste	Sorting	Number of nurses	% of nurses
Pathological	Waste disposed in the white bag	6	37.5
	Waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids	9	56.2
	Professional who handles and sorts the waste	1	6.2
Chemical	Hypochlorite and detergent waste	2	12.5
	X-ray developer and amalgam waste	1	6.2
	Waste disposed in the black bag	1	6.2
	Did not know to inform	11	68.7
	Professional who handles and sorts the waste	1	6.2
General	Paper, packaging, food waste and material without bodily fluids	8	50.0
	Waste disposed in black bags	7	43.8
	Professional who handles and sorts the waste	1	6.2
Sharps	Waste like needles, scalpels and lancets	8	50.0
	Waste disposed in the descarpack (waste disposal brand)	7	43.7
	Professional who handles and sorts the waste	1	6.2

Characteristics	Waste	Description	Number of nurses	% of nurses
Packaging	Pathological	Trash cans with pedal and lid	13	81.2
Packaging	Pathological	White bags	3	18.7
	Chemical	Common trash can	2	12.5
		Launched into the sewer	1	6.2
		Non-specific plastic packaging	1	6.2
		Did not know to inform	12	75.0
	General	Open trash cans without pedal and black bag	5	31.2
		Trash cans with pedal and lid	8	50.0
		Black bags	3	18.7
	Sharps	Box with sharps	16	100
Identification	Pathological	White package	15	93.7
Identification	Pathological	White package and symbol	1	6.2
	Chemical	Black package	2	12.5
		Transparent Gallon	1	6.2
		Did not know to inform	13	81.2
	General	Black package	15	93.7
	General	Black package and symbol	1	6.2
	Sharps	Own package	16	100

Characteristics	Description	Number of nurses	% of nurses
Internal collection (Routine)	There are routes and schedules set	11	68.7
Internal collection (Routine)	No routes and times set	5	31.2
Internal collection (Frequency)	Once a day	5	31.2
	Twice a day	8	50.0
	Three times a day	2	12.5
	According to the Unit flow	1	6.2
Internal storage place	Yes	3	18.7
Internal storage place	No	13	81.2
Transportation to external shelter	Carried out manually	16	100
External collection (Frequency)	Once a week (all waste groups)	2	12.5
	Three times a week (all waste groups)	1	6.2
	Once a week (GA/GE) and three times a week (GD)	7	43.7
	Twice a week (GA/GE) and three times a week (GD)	3	18.7
	Once a week (GA/GE) and twice a week week (GD)	3	18.7

Characteristics	Waste	Description	Number of nurses	% of nurses
Treatment	Pathological	Autoclave	1	6.2
		Incineration	11	68.7
		Did not know to inform	4	25
	Cheminal	Did not know to inform	16	100
	General	Recycling	2	12.5
		Composting	2	12.5
		Incineration	1	6.2
		Sanitary landfill	1	6.2
		Landfill sites	2	12.5
		Did not know to inform	8	50
	Sharps	Incineration	10	62.5
		Did not receive treatment	1	6.2
		Did not know to inform	5	31.2
Final disposal		Sanitary landfill	5	31.2
		Controlled landfill	1	6.2
		Waste is biodegradable	1	6.2
		Did not know to inform	9	56.2

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Silvia Carla da Silva André. E-mail: silviacarla@ufscar.br