Skin-to-skin contact between mothers and full-term newborns after birth: a cross-sectional study

Kuamoto, Rosely Sayuri; Bueno, Mariana; Riesco, Maria Luiza Gonzalez

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0026

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (suppl 4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0026 copy

Skin-to-skin contact between mothers and full-term newborns after birth: a cross-sectional study

Contacto piel con piel entre madre y recién nacido en el parto normal: estudio transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to analyze skin-to-skin contact practice in full-term newborns after birth.

Method:

a cross-sectional study carried out in São Paulo-SP with 78 mother-child binomials. Data were obtained from medical records and by non-participant observation. Maternal, neonatal and care conditions, length of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding attachment were analyzed.

Results:

skin-to-skin contact was performed in 94.9% of births, with a mean length of 29 minutes. Births with intact perineum took longer, neonates with Apgar 10, without upper airway aspiration, assisted by a nurse-midwife and with neonatal assistance by a resident in pediatrics. The variables that favor breastfeeding attachment were perineal integrity, newborn with good vitality, without upper airway aspiration and who received professional assistance for breastfeeding attachment.

Conclusion:

skin-to-skin contact was performed in almost all births, but with less time than recommended as best practice.

Descriptors:
Newborn; Mother-Child Relations; Natural Childbirth; Cross-Sectional Studies; Midwifery

Variables	Skin-to-skin contact length (minutes)					p value
Variables	n	Mean	Standard Deviation	Minimum	Maximum	p value
Parity
Primiparous	35	24.7	23.1	0	65	0.152^* * Fisher's exact test;
Secondiparous	24	34.1	23.0	1	65
Third parous	9	20.4	27.4	1	75
Multiparous	10	27.5	26.3	2	66
Perineal condition
⁽¹⁾ (1) First grade=40. second degree=8; Laceration	58	28.9	23.6	0	75	0.022^* * Fisher's exact test;
Intact	10	35.0	25.9	5	65
Episiotomy	10	11.7	18.9	0	62
Companion
Yes	65	28.2	24.2	0	75	0.390^† † chi-square test.
No	13	23.7	24.1	1	61
Professional who assisted childbirth
Nurse-midwife	31	42.7	25.1	0	66	0.027^* * Fisher's exact test;
Resident in obstetrics	25	27.7	21.4	1	65
Midwifery student	13	25.0	26.1	0	75
Obstetrician	9	11.3	12.6	0	36
Newborn's sex
Female	46	25.8	23.6	0	75	0.437^† † chi-square test.
Male	32	29.8	24.7	1	66
Apgar (first minute)
≤7	1	12.0	-	12	12	0.056^* * Fisher's exact test;
8	9	12.9	19.7	0	61
9	68	29.6	24.0	0	75
Apgar (fith minute)
8	1	0.0	-	0	0	0.033^* * Fisher's exact test;
9	8	10.1	7.8	1	20
10	69	29.8	24.3	0	75
Upper airway aspiration
Yes	14	5.1	5.5	0	20	<0.001^† † chi-square test.
No	64	32.4	23.7	0	75
Neonatal care within the first hour
Yes	58	16.4	13.1	0	55	<0.001^† † chi-square test.
No	20	63.0	3.4	60	75
Professional responsible for neonatal care
Pediatrician	56	23.4	22.3	0	75	0.028^† † chi-square test.
Resident in pediatrics	22	37.9	25.5	0	65

Variables	Breastfeeding attachment within the first				p value
	Yes		No
	n	%	n	%
Parity
Primiparous	22	62.9	13	37.1	1.000^* * Fisher's exact test;
Secondiparous	15	62.5	9	37.5
Third parous	6	66.7	3	33.3
Multiparous	8	80.0	2	20.0
Sex
Female	33	71.7	13	28.3	0.092^† † chi-square test
Male	17	53.1	15	46.9	0.092^† † chi-square test
Apgar (first minute)
7	-	-	1	100.0	0.035^* * Fisher's exact test;
8	3	33.3	6	66.7
9	47	69.1	21	30.9
Apgar (fifth minute)
8	-	-	1	100.0	0.009^* * Fisher's exact test;
9	2	25.0	6	75.0
10	48	69.6	21	30.3
Perineal condition
⁽¹⁾ (1) First grade=40. second degree=8; Laceration	39	67.2	19	32.8	0.053^* * Fisher's exact test;
Intact	8	80.0	2	20.0
Episiotomy	3	30.0	7	70.0
Companion
Yes	40	61.5	25	38.5	0.357^* * Fisher's exact test;
No	10	76.9	3	23.1	0.357^* * Fisher's exact test;
Professional who assisted childbirth
Nurse-midwife	22	71.0	9	29.0	0.434^* * Fisher's exact test;
Resident in obstetrics	17	68.0	8	32.0
Midwifery student	6	46.2	7	53.8
Obstetrician	5	55.6	4	44.4
Upper airway aspiration
Yes	5	35.7	9	64.3	0.015^† † chi-square test
No	45	70.3	19	2.7	0.015^† † chi-square test
Neonatal care within the first hour
Yes	14	70.0	6	30.0	0.713^† † chi-square test
No	36	62.1	22	37.9	0.713^† † chi-square test
Professional assistance in first breastfeeding attachment
Yes	45	84.9	8	15.1	<0.001^† † chi-square test
No	5	20.0	20	80.0	<0.001^† † chi-square test
Professional responsible for neonatal care
Pediatrician	38	67.9	18	32.1	0.270^† † chi-square test
Resident in pediatrics	12	54.5	10	45.5	0.270^† † chi-square test

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[1] Corresponding author: Rosely Sayuri Kuamoto. E-mail: rskuamoto@hotmail.com