Professional burnout of nursing team working to fight the new coronavirus pandemic

Magalhães, Ana Maria Müller de; Trevilato, Denilse Damasceno; Pai, Daiane Dal; Barbosa, Amanda da Silveira; Medeiros, Natascha Monteiro; Seeger, Victória Gabech; Oliveira, João Lucas Campos de

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0498

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (suppl 1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0498 copy

Professional burnout of nursing team working to fight the new coronavirus pandemic

Agotamiento profesional del equipo de enfermería que trabaja para combatir la nueva pandemia de coronavirus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify burnout and associated factors among nursing workers working in coping with COVID-19.

Methods:

a cross-sectional study, developed in four hospitals in a capital in southern Brazil. Sample (n=499) composed of nurses and nursing technicians/assistants, who answered an online form containing socio-occupational characterization and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed, including multiple comparison tests.

Results:

burnout was identified in 60 (12%) workers, with no significant difference between hospitals, but with a difference in dimensions between them. In the emotional exhaustion dimension, a higher proportion (52.9%) was found at a moderate level. Prevalence of high level of professional achievement of 95.4% was identified.

Conclusion:

the presence of burnout was significantly prevalent among nurses and females. It reinforces the need to develop strategies to promote the health of nursing workers, providing improvement in health services and reduction of care and labor risks.

Descriptors:
Burnout, Professional; Coronavirus Infections; Nursing, Team; Occupational Health; Nursing

Variables	Hospital A (n=144)	Hospital B (n=119)	Hospital C (n=78)	Hospital D (n=158)	p value
Age (n=463)	36.8 (±8.2)^a	34.3 (±7.3)^a.b	32.7 (±8.7)^b	40.7 (±8.8)^c	0.000^* * One-way ANOVA test;
Sex (n=499)					0.010^† † Pearson’s chi-square test;
Female	110 (76.4)^a	108 (90.8)^b	69 (88.5)^a.b	130 (82.3)^a.b
Male	34 (23.6)^a	11 (9.2)^b	9 (11.5)^a.b	28 (17.7)^a.b
Professional category					0.000^† † Pearson’s chi-square test;
Nurse	35 (24.3)^a	27 (22.7)^a	24 (30.8)^a.b	75 (47.5)^b
Technician/assist.	109 (75.7)^a	92 (77.3)^a	59 (69.2)^a.b	83 (52.5)^b
Marital status					0.003^‡ ‡ Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Single/no companion	59 (41)^a	34 (28.6)^a.b	24 (30.8)^a.b	34 (21.5)^b
Married/with partner	85 (59)^a	85 (71.4)^a.b	54 (69.2)^a.b	124 (78.5)^b
Training level					0.000^‡ ‡ Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
High school	100 (69.4)^a	83 (69.7)^a	48 (61.5)^a	68 (43)^b
Undergraduate education	18 (12.5)^a.b	17 (14.3)^a.b	20 (25.7)^b	17 (10.8)^a
Lato sensu	24 (16.7)^a.b	15 (12.6)^b	10 (12.8)^a.b	43 (27.2)^a
Stricto sensu	2 (1.4)^a	4 (3.4)^a	-^a	30 (19)^b
Other employment link					0.024^§ § Adjusted residue analysis;
Yes	33 (22.9)	16 (13.4)	20 (25.6)^§ § Adjusted residue analysis;	21 (13.3)
No	111 (77.1)	103 (86.6)	58 (74.4)	137 (86.7)
Unit work (n=492)^\|\| \|\| Working time at the unit (years);					0.000^‡ ‡ Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Up to one year	45 (31.3)^a	34 (28.6)^a	54 (69.3)^b	53 (35.1)^a
1 ⊣ 5	47 (46.5)^a	49 (41.2)^a	10 (12.8)^b	28 (18.5)^b
5 ⊣ 10	22 (15.3)^a	29 (24.3)^a	10 (12.8)^a	28 (18.5)^a
More than 10	10 (6.9)^a	7 (5.9)^a	4 (5.1)^a	42 (27.9)^b
Work at institution^¶ ¶ Working time at the institution (months); (n=496)	48 (18;84)^a.b	72 (24;96)^b.c	24 (7;80)^a	102 (22;180)^c	0.000^ Kruskal-Wallis test;
Operating time^†† †† Operating time (months). (n=497)	114 (57;192)^a.c	96 (48;144)^b.c	36 (12;132)^b	180 (127;264)^d

	Hospital A	Hospital B	Hospital C	Hospital D	p value
Burnout dimensions levels
Emotional exhaustion					0.003^* * Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Low	33 (22.9)^a	35 (29.4)^a	19 (24.3)^a	30 (19)^a
Moderate	76 (52.8)^a	68 (57.1)^a	46 (59)^a	74 (46.8)^a
High	35 (24.3)^a.b	16 (13.5)^b	13 (16.7)^b	54 (34.2)^a
Professional achievement					0.019^† † Adjusted residue analysis;
Low	-	-	-	-
Moderate	4 (2.8)^a	4 (3.4)^a	1 (1.3)^a	14 (8.9)^¨
High	140 (97.2)^a	115 (96.6)^a	77 (98.7)^a	144 (91.1)^§
Depersonalization					0.010^* * Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Low	100 (69.4)^a.b	91 (76.5)^b	55 (70.5)^a.b	96 (60.8)^a
Moderate	37 (25.7)^a	28 (23.5)^a	23 (29.5)^a	52(32.9)^a
High	7 (4.9)^a.b	-^b	-^a.b	10 (6.3)^a
Burnout					0.106^‡ ‡ Chi-square test.
Yes	17 (11.8)^a	8 (6.7)^a	9 (11.5)^a	26 (16.5)^a
No	127 (88.2)^a	111 (93.3)^a	69 (88.5)^a	132 (83.5)^a

Variable	Burnout		p value
Variable	Yes	No	p value
Age (n=463)	36.48 (±7.78)	36.89 (±8.93)	0.747^* * T test;
Profession			0.011†
Nurses	28 (17.4)^a	133 (82.6)^a
Technicians	32 (9.5)^b	306 (90.5)^b
Sex			0.030†
Female	56 (13.4)^a	361 (86.6)^a
Male	4 (4.9)^b	78 (95.1)^b
Marital status			0.344^‡ ‡ Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Single or no partner	15 (9.9)^a	136 (90.1)^a
Married or with partner	45 (12.9)^a	303 (87.1)^a
Other employment link			0.673^† † Pearson’s chi-square test;
Yes	12 (13.3)^a	78 (86.7)^a
No	48 (11.7)^a	361 (88.3)^a
Working time at the unit			0.584^‡ ‡ Z test with Bonferroni Correction;
Up to one year	20 (10.8)^a	166 (89.2)^a
From one to five years	23 (14.9)^a	131 (85.1)^a
From five to 10 years	10 (11.2)^a	79 (88.8)^a
Over 10 years	6 (9.5)^a	57 (90.5)^a
Time working at the institution (months) n=496	51 (19;100)	60 (16;118)	0.852§
Professional performance time (months) n=497	132 (85;180)	120 (54;192)	0.151§

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[1] Corresponding author: Denilse Damasceno Trevilato E-mail: denilse.trevilato@gmail.com