| Contextualization of psychological violence |
Causes and manifestations of psychological violence |
It addresses professional awareness to help identify psychological violence and its causes. In this context, the deconstruction of sexist precepts, the exposure of violence manifestations, in addition to the discussion on gender equity, serve to raise awareness of nurses. |
FONSECA; RIBEIRO; LEAL, 2012; ORAMAS; AZNAR, 2015; SILVA; PADOIN; VIANNA, 2013; HASSE; VIEIRA, 2014; ALMEIDA; SILVA; MACHADO, 2014; RODRIGUES et al., 2014; COSTA; LOPES; SOARES, 2015; MARTINS et al., 2018; BONFIM; LOPES; PERETTO, 2010; BALLÉN, 2015; GOMES; ERDMANN, 2014; SANTOS et al., 2017; SOUZA e SOUZA et al., 2016; MICHELE et al., 2012). |
| Consequences of psychological violence |
Psychological violence affects victims’ physical, mental, reproductive/sexual health and social behavior. |
(IZAGUIRE; CALVETE, 2014; LEITE; AMORIN; GIGANTE, 2018; NETTO et al., 2014; GOMES et al., 2012; CECCON; MENEGHEL; HIRAKATA, 2014; FONSECA et al., 2012; CARNEIRO et al, 2017; SCHRAIBER; BARROS; CASTILHO, 2010; RAFAEL; MOURA, 2017; MENDONÇA; LUDERMIR, 2017; SONEGO et al., 2013; GASS et al., 2010; LUDERMIR; VALONGUEIRO; ARAÚJO, 2014; HABIGZANG al., 2018; VILARIÑO et al., 2018; AZEVÊDO et al., 2013; SILVA et al., 2018; LEITE et al., 2016; SILVA et al., 2017; MATTHEW et al., 2011). |
| Situations/risk factors for suspected psychological violence |
It brings situations that work as risk factors, such as controlling partner, unplanned maternity/paternity, low education, absence of a woman’s own income, partner’s infidelity, use of alcohol and other drugs and intergenerationality are situations for suspected violence. |
(OLIVEIRA; FONSECA, 2015; SILVA et al., 2015; PAIXÃO et al., 2014; PAIXÃO et al., 2015; VIEIRA et al., 2013; CARVALHO et al., 2017; RAFAEL et al., 2017; AUDI et al., 2008; LEITE et al., 2017; SILVA; LIMA; LUDERMIR, 2017; MATHIAS et al., 2013; PIOSIADLO; FONSECA, 2016; MARTÍN et al., 2010; LUDERMIR et al., 2017; ACOSTA et al., 2018; CALDAS; GESSOLO, 2008; RAFAEL; MOURA, 2016). |
| Identification and approach to psychological violence by nurses |
Identification of violence in nursing consultation |
It provides information about the need to foster and establish a relationship of bond and trust with women, recognizing their suffering, their resilience process and promoting their autonomy. |
(GOMES et al., 2013; VISETIN et al., 2015; SALCEDO-BARRIENTOS et al., 2014; SILVA; PADOIN; VIANNA, 2013; SILVA; PADOIN; VIANNA, 2015; GUEDES; FONSECA, 2011; CORTES et al., 2015; MACHADO et al., 2014; HESLER et al., 2013; HEISLER et al., 2018; SIGNORELLI; AUAD; PEREIRA, 2013; DIEZ, 2012; ZUCHI et al., 2018; TRIGUEIRO et al., 2014; LEITÃO, 2014). |
| Identification of the formal and informal support network for women |
It informs that nurses should know people and entities that can support women’s independence, such as children and other family members, friends, neighbors, non-governmental organizations, churches and health units, which are support networks for women to turn to and that must be known by nurses. |
(VIEIRA et al., 2015; NETTO et al., 2017; GOMES et al., 2015; CLARK et al., 2018). |
| Health education actions in the approach to psychological violence |
It provides guidelines on the content of educational actions for individual and collective empowerment, and should permeate the following premises: themes focused on the gender perspective; conceptualization of violence against women; women’s self-silencing and women’s rights from an approach that raises awareness of women, men and community members. In this perspective, health education groups are potentiating means for the promotion of women’s autonomy. |
(CORTES; PADOIN; KINALSKI, 2016; MARQUES et al., 2017; GOMES et al., 2015; NETTO et al., 2015; SIGNORELLI; TAFT, PEREIRA, 2015; LOPES,2016; SANTOS; FREITAS, 2017; LIRA; SILVA; TRINDADE, 2012; MALDONADO; CUEVAS; TORRES, 2011; VALDEZ-SANTIAGO et al., 2015; LEIVA, 2015; D’OLIVEIRA et al., 2009; COSTA; LOPES, 2012; BITTAR; NAKANO, 2017; BORSÓI; BRANDÃO; CAVALCANTI, 2009). |
| Potential interventions for the identification and management of psychological violence |
Conducting an active search, raising awareness of victims and family members, promoting emotional well-being and comprehensive care, as well as providing guidance on support and coping networks are interventions that nurses should perform. |
(SIGNORELI; TAFT; PEREIRA, 2012; LOPES, 2016; CORTES; PADOIN, 2016; SCHRAIBER et al., 2010; RODRÍGUEZ-BLANES et al., 2017; NETTO et al., 2018; BROCH; CROSSETTI; RIQUINHO, 2017; DUTTON et al., 2015). |
| Compulsory notification and referrals |
Compulsory notification of psychological violence |
They address the difference between notification and reporting. Compulsory notification refers to health information production and the complaint refers to the punishment of aggressors and protection of victims. It reflects on the importance of reporting invisible violence, such as psychological violence. |
(KIND et al., 2013; ACOSTA et al., 2017). |
| Referrals to other professionals and services |
It addresses victim referral and teamwork, interdisciplinary and intersectoral, to optimize the intervention of nurses. |
(CORTES; PADOIN; KINALSKI, 2016; MARQUES et al., 2017; GOMES et al., 2015; NETTO et al., 2015; SIGNORELLI; TAFT, PEREIRA, 2015; LOPES, 2016; SANTOS; FREITAS, 2017; LIRA; SILVA; TRINDADE, 2012). |
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Source: “EmpoderereEnf”.