Live animal transportation and sustainable supply chain: a systematic literature review

Cislaghi, Tatiane Pellin; Brancher, Mariana Enderle; Wegner, Douglas; Fernandes, Elieti Biques

doi:10.5902/1983465973406

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Original Article • Rev. Adm. UFSM 16 (spe1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465973406 copy

Live animal transportation and sustainable supply chain: a systematic literature review

Transporte de cargas vivas e cadeias de suprimentos sustentáveis: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

– This article aims to map how the literature treats the procedures adopted in transport logistics for live animals.

Design/methodology/approach

– To reach our goal, we performed a Systematic Literature Review on live cargo transportation logistics, considering studies published between 2011 and 2021.

Findings

– The review indicates that the long distances of the routes and the different modes of transport used had considerable influence on the welfare of the animals. Therefore, there is an international trend to reduce long journeys and to assign more relevant information on the geographical origin of products.

Research limitations/implications

– As limitations of this study, the sample analyzed in the Google Scholar database was small. More studies have been expected for the development of analyses and discussions on the current topic.

Practical implications

– Efficient and sustainable management can lead to higher financial and nonfinancial gains for supply chain members and compliance with standards for the appropriate treatment of animals, guaranteeing their well-being and providing superior product quality.

Social implications

– Live cargo transportation represents an important activity in several food supply chains, and its management may contribute to supply chain sustainability.

Originality/value

– The findings expand the knowledge available on live animals logistics, care regarding the management of each species, difficulties, barriers, and positive aspects of transport. Sustainability is another theme rarely mentioned in the studies analyzed, thus presenting an important area for future studies regarding sustainable management of the supply chain in transporting this type of load.

Keywords:
Live animal; International trade; Animal welfare; Sustainability

Aims	Categories of analysis	Authors
List legislation for live animal transportation	✔ Enforcement of laws and supervision according to each country; ✔ Five Freedoms; ✔ The transport divisions and modes used; ✔ Measures for wooden crates (air transport); ✔ Development of new regulations and guidelines for transport in terms of transport time and transport conditions (longer times/greater distances risk unnecessary suffering to animals and negative effects on transporter health); ✔Attitudes and training of animal handlers and transporters.	Da Silva et al. (2019)Da Silva, A.L., da Silva, D.R., Guerra, L.D., & Malta, R.D.F.B. (2019) Transporte de carga viva de bovinos na exportação: uma análise de sua dinâmica. In: Anais...X Fateclog. Logística 4.0 & A Sociedade do Conhecimento. Fatec Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Brasil. Pulido et al. (2019)Da Silva, A.F.O.M., Gomes, C.S., & Neto, J.P. (2019) Impactos no planejamento logísticos de transporte rodoviário de animais vivos. In: X Fateclog, Logística 4.0 & a Sociedade do Conhecimento. Fatec Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Brasil. Collins et al. (2020)Collins, T., Stockman, C., Hampton, J.O., & Barnes, A. (2020) Identifying animal welfare impacts of livestock air transport. Aust. Vet. J., 98, p.197-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12927. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12927... Lourenço and Van Erven Ludolf (2020)Lourenço, D. B., & van Erven Ludolf, R. (2020) A exportação de gado vivo no Brasil e a regra constitucional da vedação da crueldade. Rev. Bras. Direito Anim., 15. https://doi.org/10.9771/rbda.v15i3.38789. https://doi.org/10.9771/rbda.v15i3.38789... Van Erven Ludolf and Da Costa (2020)van Erven Ludolf, R., & da Costa, S.R.R. (2020) A exportação de gado vivo no Brasil e a regra constitucional da vedação da crueldade: um estudo de caso sobre o Navio MV Nada. Confluências, 22, p101-119. https://doi.org/10.22409/conflu.v22i1.38245. https://doi.org/10.22409/conflu.v22i1.38...
Verify how the handling is carried out and its main impacts related to the management of transport of live animals	✔ Decide on the logistics of selling and transporting livestock and ensure a more cost-effective solution for the rural producer; ✔ Monitor boarding until arrival at the final destination; ✔ Consumer purchasing decision (ethical concerns); ✔ Sensory and safety characteristics for animals.	Carvalho et al. (2017)Carvalho, S.P.G., do Prado, S.D.P.G., Cavalca, W.F., & Bueno, M.J.C. (2017) O transporte aéreo de animais vivos: um estudo de caso dos cavalos na Olimpíada Rio 2016 e do Gado Guzerá. S. Am. Dev. Soc. J., 2, p.33-49. Ribeiro et al. (2018)Ribeiro, J.F.F., de Oliveira, M.M.B., & Cruz Filho, M.A. (2018) Um modelo para a logística do abate do gado de corte. P. O. Desenvolvimento, 10, p41-56. https://doi.org/10.4322/PODes.2018.004. https://doi.org/10.4322/PODes.2018.004... Caroprese et al. (2020)Caroprese, M., Ciliberti, M.G., Marino, R., Napolitano, F., Braghieri, A., Sevi, A., & Albenzio, M. (2020) Effect of information on geographical origin, duration of transport and welfare condition on consumer’s acceptance of lamb meat. Sci. Rep., 10, p.9754 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66267-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66267...
To analyze aspects of animal health and welfare in the logistics of live animal transport	✔Animal welfare is a matter of high priority; ✔ Values aligned around animal care; ✔ Rudimentary techniques; ✔ Stress and transport-related effects directly affect the quality and physicochemical characteristics of animals; ✔ Focus on the economic aspect of agriculture; ✔ Quality of the final products.	Alves et al. (2016)Alves, A.R., Júnior, J.P.F., Santana, M.H.M., de Andrade, M.V.M., Lima, J.B.A., da Silva Pinto, L., & de Medeiros Ribeiro, L. (2016) Efeito do estresse sobre a qualidade de produtos de origem animal. Pubvet, 10, p.448-512. Machado et al. (2016)Machado, S.T., Nääs, I.D.A., Mollo, M., Vendrametto, O., & Dos Reis, J.G. (2016) Effect of transportation distance on weight losses in pigs from dehydration. Eng. Agrícola, 36, p.1229-1238. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v36n6p1229-1238/2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Ag... Queiroz et al. (2018)Queiroz, R.G.D., Domingues, C.H.D.F., Canozzi, M.E.A., Garcia, R.G., Ruviaro, C.F., Barcellos, J.O.J., & Borges, J.A.R. (2018) How do Brazilian citizens perceive animal welfare conditions in poultry, beef, and dairy supply chains?. PloS one, 13, e202062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020... Collins et al. (2020)Collins, T., Stockman, C., Hampton, J.O., & Barnes, A. (2020) Identifying animal welfare impacts of livestock air transport. Aust. Vet. J., 98, p.197-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12927. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12927... Fleming et al. (2020)Fleming, P. A., Wickham, S. L., Barnes, A. L., Miller, D. W., & Collins, T. (2020) Varying opinions about animal welfare in the Australian live export industry: A survey. Animals, 10, p.1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101864...
Analyze SSCM and its relationship with live animal transportation	✔ Challenges in the SSCM of live animals (efficient management versus gains of chain members); ✔ Industry that contributes meaningfully to the economies of countries; ✔ Generation of employment (income).	Fleming et al. (2020)Fleming, P. A., Wickham, S. L., Barnes, A. L., Miller, D. W., & Collins, T. (2020) Varying opinions about animal welfare in the Australian live export industry: A survey. Animals, 10, p.1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101864... Rahim et al. (2020)Rahim, S.A., Ahmi, A., & Rahman, N.A.A. (2020) Challenges in sustainable supply chain management of live animal trading: A case study of live animal industry in Malaysia. Int. J. Supply Chain Manag., 9, p.447-454.

Topics of Data Analysis	Findings
The procedures and handling adopted in the logistics of live cargo.	It can promote greater financial and non-financial gains to members involved in the chain and enable competitive advantages for participating organizations if they ensure the appropriate treatment of the animal and guaranteeing its welfare and the quality of the final product.
The legislation of live cargo transportation	Don’t have an International convergence of laws. Countries’ legislation of live cargo transportation needs to be improved in order to be in line with the objectives of the SDG.
The final consumer	There is the increasing awareness of final consumers. It leads to the process becoming more qualified, generating changes in commercialization habits.
SSCM	To integrate sustainability into the supply chain, it is necessary to reach all levels of the chain, from raw material suppliers and conveyors to the final customer, and relevant stakeholders as public managers, research institutions, and NGOs for the protection of animal rights.

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E-mail: rea@ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: tatiane.cislaghi@bento.ifrs.edu.br