Correlation between productive components and grain yield of soybean cultivars sown in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul

Paraginski, João Antônio; Moraes, Mariana Poll; Souza, Rafael Rodrigues de; Mello, Anderson de Carvalho; Toebe, Marcos

doi:10.1590/0034-737X2024710017

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Physiology and Morphology Applied to Agriculture • Rev. Ceres 71 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X2024710017 copy

Correlation between productive components and grain yield of soybean cultivars sown in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Considering the expressive number of commercial soybean cultivars available for cultivation in Brazil and the constant search for improvements in the production system, the objective was to evaluate the productive components and grain yield and to estimate the correlation between them in soybean cultivars sown in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2019/20 harvest. Sixteen commercial soybean cultivars were sown under their respective plant density recommendations, in a randomized block design with three replications. At the end of the cultivation cycle, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; height of insertion of the first pod; number of nodes; number of pods with one, two, three and four grains; pods per plant; grains per plant; weight of thousand grains, and; grain yield. The cultivars BMX ZEUS IPRO, NS 5445 IPRO and NS 5700 IPRO presented the highest grain yields, mainly due to the high relationship between the number of pods and grains per plant and the weight of a thousand grains. The indirect selection of more productive genotypes can be carried out through the variables weight of thousand grains, number of pods, grains and nodes per plant, given the significant positive correlation between them.

Keywords
Glycine max ; indirect selection; plant morphology

pH water	Ca	Mg	Relation Ca/Mg	Al	H + Al	CTC effective	Saturation (%)		Index SMP
pH water	––––– Cmolc dm^-3 –––––		Relation Ca/Mg	––––– Cmolc dm^-3 –––––			Al	Bases
5.66	9.5	3.7	2.6	0.0	4.0	14.1	0.0	77.7	6.08
Diagnosis for soil acidity and liming: pH in water 1:1; Ca, Mg, Al and Mn exchangeable extracted with KCl 1M and CTC apH 7.0 (*Tedesco et al., 1995Tedesco JA, Gianello C, Bissani CA, Bohnen H & Volkweiss SJ (1995) Análise de solo, plantas e outros materiais. Porto Alegre, UFRGS. 174p. (Boletim Técnico, 5).); Index SMP (Toledo et al., 2012*Toledo JA, Kaminski J, Santana MA & Santos DR (2012) Tampão Santa Maria (TSM) como alternativa ao tampão SMP para medição da acidez potencial de solos ácidos. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 36:427-435.).
% MO	% Clay		S	P-Mehlich		K	CTC pH 7.0	K
––––– m/v –––––			––––– mg dm^-3 –––––			––––– Cmolc dm^-3 –––––		––––– mg dm^-3 –––––
6.8	60.0		13.9	14.9		0.857	18.1	335.1
Diagnosis for macronutrients and recommendation of fertilization NPK-S: Clay determined by the densimeter method; Mo by humid digestion; S-SO₄ extracted with CaHPO₄ 500 mg L^-1 of P and P, K and Na determined by the method Mehlich I (*Tedesco et al., 1995*Tedesco JA, Gianello C, Bissani CA, Bohnen H & Volkweiss SJ (1995) Análise de solo, plantas e outros materiais. Porto Alegre, UFRGS. 174p. (Boletim Técnico, 5).).
Cu	Zn		Molar relations
––––– mg dm^-3 –––––			K/CTC		Ca/CTC		Mg/CTC	(Ca + Mg)/K
8.8	1.4		4.735		52.5		20.4	15.4
Diagnosis for micronutrients and molar relations: Cu and Zn extracted using the method Mehlich I (Embrapa, 2009Embrapa – Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (2009) Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. 2ª ed. Brasília, Embrapa. 627p.).

Cultivar	Relative Maturity Group	Requirement to fertility	Technology⁽¹⁾ (1) IPRO: Technology with addition of Bt protein (Cry1Ac) that provides resistance to Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chrysodeixis includens, Crocidosema aporema and Chloridea virescens; RR and RG: Technology that provides resistance to herbicides of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase group (EPSPs), also known as Glyphosate. Source: Brasmax®, Embrapa®, DonMario®, Fundação Pró-Sementes®, Monsoy®, Neogen®, Nidera® and Pioneer®.
BMX LANÇA IPRO	5.8	High	IPRO
BMX ZEUS IPRO	5.5	High	IPRO
BRS 5601 RR	5.6	High	RR
DM 53I54 RSF IPRO	5.4	High	IPRO
FPS 1859 RR	5.9	Medium/High	RR
M5838 IPRO	5.8	High	IPRO
NEO 610 IPRO	6.1	High	IPRO
NEO 660 IPRO	6.6	Medium	IPRO
NA 5909 RG	6.2	Medium/High	RG
NS 5258 RR	5.6	Medium/High	RR
NS 5445 IPRO	5.4	High	IPRO
NS 5700 IPRO	5.7	High	IPRO
NS 6010 IPRO	6.0	Medium/High	IPRO
NS 6601 IPRO	6.6	Medium/High	IPRO
NS 6909 IPRO	6.3	Medium/High	IPRO
P95Y52 RR	5.3	High	RR

Cultivar	Recommended density (in 1000 plants ha^-1) ⁽¹⁾ (1) Density of plants recommended for the Soybean Macro-region 103. Source: Brasmax®, Embrapa®, DonMario®, Fundação Pró-Sementes®, Monsoy®, Neogen®, Nidera® and Pioneer®.	Sown density (in 1000 plants ha^-1)	Emerged density (in 1000 plants ha^-1)
BMX LANÇA IPRO	200 – 250	± 330	± 257
BMX ZEUS IPRO	250 – 300	± 330	± 259
BRS 5601 RR	200 – 300	± 348	± 258
DM 53I54 RSF IPRO	220 – 300	± 330	± 223
FPS 1859 RR	240 – 280	± 348	± 268
M5838 IPRO	240 – 280	± 330	± 246
NEO 610 IPRO	220 – 300	± 271	± 223
NEO 660 IPRO	180 – 250	± 271	± 206
NA 5909 RG	200 – 320	± 331	± 270
NS 5258 RR	240 – 300	± 303	± 250
NS 5445 IPRO	260 – 320	± 331	± 230
NS 5700 IPRO	240 – 280	± 331	± 263
NS 6010 IPRO	220 – 260	± 331	± 281
NS 6601 IPRO	200 – 240	± 271	± 225
NS 6909 IPRO	220 – 300	± 348	± 261
P95Y52 RR	320 – 380	± 396	± 225

SV	DF	PH⁽¹⁾ (1) PH – Plant height, in cm; IHFP – Insertion height of the first pod, in cm; NN – Number of nodes, in units; P1G – Pods with one grain, in units per plant; P2G – Pods with two grains, in units per plant; P3G – Pods with three grains, in units per plant; P4G – Pods with four grains, in units per plant; PP – Pods per plant, in units; GP – Grains per plant, in units; WTG – Weight of thousand grains, in grams; GY – Grain yield, in kg ha-1.	IHFP		NN		P1G		P2G		P3G
SV	DF	Mean Square
Block	2	1.507^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.	43.325^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		8.486^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		0.064^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.		17.498^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		129.968^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.
Cultivar	15	155.430^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.	33.176^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		4.632^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		0.371^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		69.189^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		210.708^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.
Error	30	16.612	10.697		1.045		0.092		4.136		42.062
CV_exp	(%)	4.17	24.76		5.45		40.89		14.75		17.56
Cultivar		––––––––––– Mean –––––––––––
BMX LANÇA IPRO		94.00 c	11.68 b		18.35 b		1.01 a		18.81 a		30.09 b
BMX ZEUS IPRO		98.78 c	10.74 b		16.81 b		0.24 b		5.50 d		40.17 a
BRS 5601 RR		95.27 c	17.34 a		17.71 b		0.65 b		16.28 b		24.70 b
DM 53I54 RSF IPRO		98.07 c	8.46 b		19.40 a		1.27 a		14.10 b		41.87 a
FPS 1859 RR		89.07 d	17.79 a		20.31 a		0.50 b		19.81 a		30.36 b
M5838 IPRO		89.52 d	16.46 a		20.08 a		0.83 b		19.26 a		36.80 b
NEO 610 IPRO		90.63 d	13.26 b		19.40 a		1.30 a		20.80 a		34.50 b
NEO 660 IPRO		113.99 a	17.77 a		20.14 a		0.75 b		14.43 b		49.80 a
NA 5909 RG		96.87 c	10.55 b		16.61 b		1.41 a		16.38 b		29.38 b
NS 5258 RR		111.19 a	9.10 b		17.60 b		0.85 b		17.31 b		26.51 b
NS 5445 IPRO		91.51 d	9.58 b		17.49 b		0.35 b		8.01 d		46.03 a
NS 5700 IPRO		94.64 c	10.76 b		19.18 a		0.55 b		11.39 c		52.55 a
NS 6010 IPRO		101.91 b	16.32 a		18.11 b		0.40 b		9.72 c		37.56 b
NS 6601 IPRO		104.76 b	15.88 a		20.30 a		0.73 b		10.17 c		45.60 a
NS 6909 IPRO		96.78 c	15.60 a		19.58 a		0.61 b		10.47 c		31.67 b
P95Y52 RR		97.59 c	12.68 b		18.73 a		0.43 b		8.20 d		33.50 b
Overall Mean		97.79	13.37		18.74		0.74		13.79		36.94
SV	DF	P4G		PP		GP		WTG		GY
SV	DF	Mean Square
Block	2	0.065^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.		255.614^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		1729.223^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		134.517^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.		664631.1^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.
Cultivar	15	0.592^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		175.802^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		1444.471^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		1166.488^* * Indicate significant effect by F test at 5% probability.		690432.9^ns ns Indicates non-significant effect. Averages of cultivars not followed by the same lower case letter in the column differed by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.
Error	30	0.064		61.530		395.936		530.124		394552.9
CV_exp	(%)	57.32		15.11		15.82		15.72		14.76
Cultivar		––––––––––– Mean –––––––––––
BMX LANÇA IPRO		0.12 d		50.02 b		119.27 b		152.98 a		4715.23 a
BMX ZEUS IPRO		1.42 a		47.33 b		113.41 b		178.20 a		5080.81 a
BRS 5601 RR		0.26 d		41.89 b		93.21 b		152.70 a		3992.08 a
DM 53I54 RSF IPRO		0.60 c		57.83 a		134.20 a		141.97 a		4200.93 a
FPS 1859 RR		0.81 b		51.47 b		121.92 b		145.01 a		4664.09 a
M5838 IPRO		0.00 d		56.88 a		131.26 a		137.93 a		4575.19 a
NEO 610 IPRO		0.17 d		56.77 a		137.63 a		122.99 a		3759.19 a
NEO 660 IPRO		1.27 a		66.26 a		174.75 a		95.36 a		3297.24 a
NA 5909 RG		0.05 d		47.22 b		110.65 b		136.56 a		4094.98 a
NS 5258 RR		0.53 c		45.20 b		101.61 b		153.27 a		3927.55 a
NS 5445 IPRO		0.48 c		54.88 a		134.87 a		164.74 a		5080.81 a
NS 5700 IPRO		0.26 d		64.76 a		156.68 a		142.75 a		4978.55 a
NS 6010 IPRO		0.15 d		47.84 b		116.69 b		156.08 a		4318.10 a
NS 6601 IPRO		0.83 b		57.33 a		152.10 a		135.76 a		4543.91 a
NS 6909 IPRO		0.11 d		42.86 b		109.53 b		153.82 a		4488.54 a
P95Y52 RR		0.00 d		42.13 b		105.27 b		173.53 a		3927.55 a
Overall Mean		0.44		51.92		125.82		146.48		4352.79

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[1] * Corresponding author e-mail: joaoantonioparaginski@gmail.com