Performance of wheat varieties grown from seeds with different vigor levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of wheat plant grown from seeds with different vigor levels. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 x 3 factorial design (cultivar x vigor level) with four replications. The wheat cultivars were Tbio Toruk, Tbio Mestre and Tbio Iguaçu. The classification of vigor levels was high, medium and low, determined by several vigor procedures. The following evaluations were performed: plant height, number of spikelets in the main tiller, number of seeds in the main tiller, seed mass in the main tiller, number of fertile tillers, number of seeds in tillers, seed mass in tillers, number of plants.m^-2, number of spikes.m^-2, and grain yield per hectare. The use of high vigor seeds provides a greater number of wheat plants and spikes per area. Grain yield is affected significantly by seed vigor level: there is an increase of up to 11% by using high vigor seeds compared to low vigor seeds.

Keywords:
Triticum aestivum L; high vigor; grain yield.

Authorship

Felipe Koch

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Sementes, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. felipe.koch@hotmail.com; manu_agro@hotmail.com; eng.jessicarolim@gmail.com; tiago.pedo@gmail.com; tiago.aumonde@gmail.comUniversidade Federal de PelotasBrazilPelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Sementes, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. felipe.koch@hotmail.com; manu_agro@hotmail.com; eng.jessicarolim@gmail.com; tiago.pedo@gmail.com; tiago.aumonde@gmail.com

Manoela Andrade Monteiro

Emanuela Garbin Martinazzo

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, ICB, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. emartinazzo@gmail.com Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeBrazilRio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande, ICB, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. emartinazzo@gmail.com

Jessica Mengue Rolim ^*(Corresponding author: eng.jessicarolim@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-7599

Tiago Pedó

Tiago Zanatta Aumonde

⁽Corresponding author: eng.jessicarolim@gmail.com

¹ This work is part of the first author's doctoral thesis.

The authors declare than there in not conflict of interest

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1:
Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and solar radiation at Capão do Leão, RS (a, b), and Nova Boa Vista, RS (c, d), during the development of wheat plants.

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Table 1:
Initial characterization of seed lots of wheat (T. aestivum L.) used in the evaluation of the performance of plants in the field, Capão do Leão, RS

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Table 2:
Plant height (PHe), number of plants.m^-2 (Npla m²), number of spikes.m^-2 (Nsp.m^-2), number of spikelets.spikes^-1 in the main tiller (Nspmt), number of seeds in the main tiller (Nsmt), and seed mass (g) in the main tiller (Smmt) of plants of different wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.) grown from seeds with three different vigor levels, Capão do Leão, RS

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Table 3:
Unfolding of simple interaction effects between cultivars and vigor levels for plant height at Site 1 (Pelotas, Capão do Leão - RS) and number of plants.m^-2 at Site 2 (Nova Boa Vista - RS). Capão do Leão, RS

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Table 4:
Number of fertile tillers (Nft), number of seeds in tillers (Nst), seed mass (g) in tillers (Smt), and grain yield.ha^-1 (Prod) of wheat plants grown from seeds with three vigor levels, Capão do Leão, RS

Figure 1: Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and solar radiation at Capão do Leão, RS (a, b), and Nova Boa Vista, RS (c, d), during the development of wheat plants.

Table 1: Initial characterization of seed lots of wheat (T. aestivum L.) used in the evaluation of the performance of plants in the field, Capão do Leão, RS

	Germination after accelerated aging (%)			Germination (%)			Seedling emergence in the field (%)
Vigor Level	Toruk	Mestre	Iguaçú	Toruk	Mestre	Iguaçú	Toruk	Mestre	Iguaçú
High	85 a*	83 a	80 a	93 a	92 a	88 a	67 a	62 a	60 a
Medium	77 b	75 b	71 b	90 a	90 a	87 a	54 b	51 b	48 b
Low	60 c	63 c	61 c	88 a	90 a	88 a	41 c	41 c	40 c
CV (%)	4,02			3,05			8,82

*Means followed by the same lowercase letter in column do not differ by Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Table 2: Plant height (PHe), number of plants.m^-2 (Npla m²), number of spikes.m^-2 (Nsp.m^-2), number of spikelets.spikes^-1 in the main tiller (Nspmt), number of seeds in the main tiller (Nsmt), and seed mass (g) in the main tiller (Smmt) of plants of different wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.) grown from seeds with three different vigor levels, Capão do Leão, RS

Site 1

Site 2

Site 1

Site 2

Site 1

Site 2

Site 1

Site 2

Site 1

Site 2

Site 1

Site 2

PHe (cm)

Npla.m^-2

Nsp.m^-2

Nspmt

Nsmt

Smmt (g)

Cultivar

Toruk

70.99c*

59.24c

197.67

254.41

470.39b

548.53a

14.55 a

13.97b

35.19

34.27b

1.48

0.708

Mestre

79.17b

70.26b

199.46

254.89

513.35a

594.92a

14.49 a

13.92b

36.29

35.97a

1.36

0.728

Iguaçú

92.04a

82.03a

212.54

245.58

480.55ab

463.57b

13.98 b

14.57a

33.93

37.17a

1.35

0.775

Vigor

High

81.06

71.26

233.78a

294.61a

505.01a

578.08a

13.87b

13.95

32.77b

34.45b

1.32

0.741

Medium

80.95

69.27

199.83b

248.03b

503.78a

505.79b

14.59a

14.24

37.23a

36.29a

1.45

0.737

Low

80.15

70.99

176.06b

212.25c

455.51b

523.16b

14.55a

14.27

35.41ab

36.66a

1.42

0.734

Value of F

Cultivar (C)

155.4*

167.5*

0.786^ns

0.537^ns

2.75^ns

15.74*

3.38^ns

4.44*

1.22^ns

6.55*

2.12^ns

1.91^ns

Vigor (V)

0.338^ns

1.51^ns

10.05*

33.35*

4.34*

5.05*

5.78*

1.06^ns

4.379*

4.32*

1.86^ns

0.019^ns

C x V

7.301*

0.665^ns

0.648^ns

4.68*

1.43^ns

0.422^ns

0.926^ns

0.55^ns

0.333^ns

0.457^ns

0.446^ns

0.171^ns

CV (%)

3.65

4.33

15.60

9.84

9.62

13.03

4.08

4.19

10.56

5.52

12.42

11.63

* Means followed by the same lowercase letter in rows do not differ by Duncan test (p < 0.05).
Site 1: Pelotas; Capão do Leão; Site 2: Nova Boa Vista.

Table 3: Unfolding of simple interaction effects between cultivars and vigor levels for plant height at Site 1 (Pelotas, Capão do Leão - RS) and number of plants.m^-2 at Site 2 (Nova Boa Vista - RS). Capão do Leão, RS

	Plant height (cm)			Number of plants.m^-2
Vigor Level	Toruk	Mestre	Iguaçú	Toruk	Mestre	Iguaçú
High	68.58 aC*	78.20 abB	96.40 aA	330.88 aA	270.59 aB	282.35 aB
Medium	72.96 aC	77.28 bB	92.60 aA	232.35 bA	264.70 abA	247.05 aA
Low	71.45 aC	81.87 aB	87.14 bA	199.99 bA	229.41 bA	207.35 bA
CV (%)		3,65			9,84

* Means followed by the same lowercase letter in columns and uppercase in lines do not differ by Duncan test (p < 0.05).

Table 4: Number of fertile tillers (Nft), number of seeds in tillers (Nst), seed mass (g) in tillers (Smt), and grain yield.ha^-1 (Prod) of wheat plants grown from seeds with three vigor levels, Capão do Leão, RS

	Site 1	Site 2	Site 1	Site 2	Site 1	Site 2	Site 1	Site 2
	Nft		Nst		Smt (g)		Prod. (kg.ha^-1)
Cultivar
Toruk	1.64a*	1.48a	44.15a	39.17a	1.73a	0.636b	5991.02a	4218.31a
Mestre	1.69a	1.63a	51.36a	42.63a	1.72a	0.741ab	5548.93b	4423.57a
Iguaçú	1.78a	1.71a	46.33a	46.09a	1.63a	0.815a	5321.49b	4541.80a
Vigor Level
High	1.52b	1.60ab	38.68b	42.25ab	1.29c	0.701b	5842.27a	4744.58a
Medium	1.66b	1.46b	45.36b	38.35b	1.69b	0.658b	5858.51a	4174.58b
Low	1.94a	1.76a	57.81a	47.3a	2.09a	0.833a	5160.66b	4264.52b
Value of F
Cultivar (C)	1.11^ns	2.32^ns	1.89^ns	1.93^ns	0.306^ns	4.29	6.13*	2.02^ns
Vigor (V)	9.29*	3.70*	12.99*	3.24*	15.714*	4.43*	8.39*	7.09*
C x V	1.06^ns	0.610^ns	0.461^ns	0.49^ns	0.803^ns	0.609^ns	2.06^ns	1.4^ns
CV (%)	14.12	16.67	19.73	20.27	20.98	20.49	8.48	9.07

* Means followed by the same lowercase letter in rows do not differ by Duncan test (p < 0.05).
Site 1: Pelotas; Capão do Leão; Site 2: Nova Boa Vista.

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