Chemical management of weeds in cassava crop, cultivar ‘Santa Helena’

Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da; Ferreira, Silvio Douglas; Kuhn, Vitor Gustavo; Gibbert, Anderson Marcel; Canavessi, Hiago

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202168060009

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Plant Health • Rev. Ceres 68 (6) • Nov-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202168060009 copy

Chemical management of weeds in cassava crop, cultivar ‘Santa Helena’¹ This work is part of the line of research on weed management in the cassava crop of the Grupo de Estudo em Matologia do Oeste Paranaense (GEMOP)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of cassava cultivar ‘Santa Helena’ and the efficiency of weed control using herbicides applied alone or tank mixed with and without sequential applications. Two experiments were carried out, both in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments for the 1^st experiment were: Hand hoeing (weed-free control); No hand hoeing (non-weeded control); sulfentrazone (500 g ha^-1); sulfentrazone/[clomazone + clethodim] (500/[1125 + 120] g ha^-1); sulfentrazone/mesotrione (500/240 g ha^-1); S-metolachlor (1920 g ha^-1); S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim] (1920/[1125 + 120] g ha^-1); S-metolachlor/mesotrione](1920/240 g ha^-1); [sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/[clomazone + clethodim] ([500 + 1920]/[1125 + 120] g ha^-1); [sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/mesotrione ([500 + 1920]/240 g ha^-1). The treatments of the 2^nd experiment were: Hand hoeing (weed-free control); No hand hoeing (non-weeded control); glyphosate (360 g ha^-1) + hand hoeing; glyphosate + sulfentrazone (360 + 500 g ha^-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin (360 + 50 g ha^-1); glyphosate + clomazone (360 + 1125 g ha^-1); glyphosate + S-metolachlor (360 + 1920 g ha^-1); glyphosate + sulfentrazone + clomazone (360 + 400 + 900 g ha^-1); glyphosate + sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor (360 + 400 + 1440 g ha^-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin + clomazone (360 + 40 + 900 g ha^-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin + S-metolachlor (360 + 40 + 1440 g ha^-1). In the first experiment, only the treatments S-metolachlor, S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim] and S-metolachlor/mesotrione did not present efficient weed control, causing reduction in yields; the other treatments were crop selective and efficient. In the second experiment, all treatments showed excellent levels of weed control up to 65 DAA and were crop selective. It is concluded that applications of tank mixtures, sequential mixtures and the use of glyphosate mixed with pre-emergent herbicides constitute excellent alternatives of weed management strategies in ‘Santa Helena’ cassava.

Keywords:
herbicide; selectivity; Manihot esculenta

Treatments	Dose (g a.i. ha^-1)	Application mode
No hoeing (non-weeded control)	----	----
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	----	----
glyphosate + hand hoeing	360	Pre
glyphosate + sulfentrazone	360 + 500	Pre
glyphosate + flumioxazin	360 + 50	Pre
glyphosate + clomazone	360 + 1125	Pre
glyphosate + S-metolachlor	360 + 1920	Pre
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + clomazone	360 + 400 + 900	Pre
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor	360 + 400 + 1440	Pre
glyphosate + flumioxazin + clomazone	360 + 40 + 900	Pre
glyphosate + flumioxazin + S-metolachlor	360 + 40 + 1440	Pre

Universidade Federal de Viçosa Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 31) 3612-2078 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: agrosilvio@outlook.com

Treatments	Days After the 1^st Application (DA1^stA)
	19	33	46	55	65
	Days After the 2^nd Application (DA2^ndA)
	-	-	-	5	15
	(%)
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	0.00	0.00 d	0.00	0.00 d	0.00 c
sulfentrazone	0.00	10.00 b	0.00	0.00 d	0.00 c
sulfentrazone/[clomazone + clethodim]	0.00	11.25 a	0.00	17.50 a	12.50 a
sulfentrazone/mesotrione	0.00	12.50 a	0.00	9.50 c	0.00 c
S-metolachlor	0.00	5.62 c	0.00	0.00 d	0.00 c
S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim]	0.00	5.00 c	0.00	13.00 b	9.87 b
S-metolachlor/mesotrione	0.00	8.75 b	0.00	9.25 c	0.00 c
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/[clomazone + clethodim]	0.00	13.25 a	0.00	16.25 a	12.25 a
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/mesotrione	0.00	10.00 b	0.00	9.50 c	0.00 c
Treatment (Calculated F)	---	21.51**	---	79.53**	69.79**
Block (Calculated F)	---	2.14^ns	---	3.50**	0.24^ns
CV (%)	---	2152	---	18.56	36.19
Overall average	---	8.48	---	8.33	3.84

Treatments	Days after the 1^st Application (DA1^stA)
	19	33	46	55	65
	Days after the 2^nd Application (DA2^ndA)
	-	-	-	5	15
	(%)
No hand hoeing (non-weeded control)	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.00 c
sulfentrazone	94.75 a	92.25 a	92.25 a	90.00 a	85.00 a
sulfentrazone/[clomazone + clethodim]	88.75 a	89.50 a	90.00 a	92.50 a	86.25 a
sulfentrazone/mesotrione	94.75 a	93.75 a	92.50 a	91.25 a	89.25 a
S-metolachlor	84.50 b	65.00 b	47.00 b	39.75 b	23.25 b
S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim]	75.75 b	60.50 b	40.00 b	37.50 b	25.00 b
S-metolachlor/mesotrione	77.50 b	55.25 b	33.75 b	28.75 b	21.25 b
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/[clomazone + clethodim]	93.25 a	89.25 a	85.00 a	88.75 a	83.25 a
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/mesotrione	92.00 a	90.00 a	89.00 a	86.25 a	88.75 a
Treatment (Calculated F)	80.79**	23.01**	84.09**	81.23**	140.86**
Block (Calculated F)	0.11^ns	2.89^ns	2.14^ns	4.13*	1.31^ns
CV (%)	8.59	18.01	11.70	12.68	11.23
Overall average	77.91	73,55	63.27	61.63	55.77

Treatments	Root yield	Starch content
Treatments	(t ha^-1)	(%)
No hand hoeing (non-weeded control)	1.23 c	0.00 b
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	26.93 a	27.66 a
sulfentrazone	23.92 a	27.62 a
sulfentrazone/[clomazone + clethodim]	19.24 a	27.84 a
sulfentrazone/mesotrione	20.48 a	28.02 a
S-metolachlor	12.35 b	27.70 a
S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim]	11.78 b	28.92 a
S-metolachlor/mesotrione	13.31 b	28.77 a
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/[clomazone + clethodim]	20.04 a	27.03 a
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/mesotrione	23.05 a	28.11 a
Treatment (Calculated F)	9.14**	342.99**
Block (Calculated F)	1.22^ns	1.79^ns
CV (%)	25.27	3.29
Overall average	17.23	25.16

Treatments	Days After Application (DAA)
	19	33	46
	(%)
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	0.00	0.00 d	0.00
glyphosate + hand hoeing	0.00	0.00 d	0.00
glyphosate + sulfentrazone	0.00	5.00 c	0.00
glyphosate + flumioxazin	0.00	8.00 b	0.00
glyphosate + clomazone	0.00	11.25 a	0.00
glyphosate + S-metolachlor	0.00	9.50 b	0.00
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + clomazone	0.00	6.25 c	0.00
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor	0.00	12.50 a	0.00
glyphosate + flumioxazin + clomazone	0.00	5.00 c	0.00
glyphosate + flumioxazin + S-metolachlor	0.00	8.38 b	0.00
Treatment (Calculated F)	---	29.75**	---
Block (Calculated F)	---	0.78^ns	---
CV (%)	---	23.64	---
Overall average	---	6.58	---

Treatments	Days After Application (DAA)
	19	33	46	55	65
			(%)
No hoeing (non-weeded control)	0.00 b	0.00 c	0.00 b	0.00 c	0.00 c
glyphosate + hand hoeing	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a	100.00 a
glyphosate + sulfentrazone	99.50 a	98.75 a	99.50 a	96.25 a	96.75 a
glyphosate + flumioxazin	96.25 a	95.00 b	93.75 a	89.25 a	88.25 b
glyphosate + clomazone	87.00 a	92.50 b	78.00 a	76.25 b	88.75 b
glyphosate + S-metolachlor	98.25 a	95.00 b	91.00 a	91.75 a	92.75 a
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + clomazone	99.25 a	98.75 a	98.25 a	97.25 a	94.50 a
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor	100.00 a	98.75 a	99.75 a	98.25 a	98.00 a
glyphosate + flumioxazin + clomazone	92.25 a	95.50 b	85.00 a	93.00 a	89.00 b
glyphosate + flumioxazin + S-metolachlor	91.25 a	93.75 b	89.50 a	83.75 b	87.50 b
Treatment (Calculated F)	62.21**	328.14**	31.80**	46.50**	268.54**
Block (Calculated F)	2.56^ns	4.22*	3.28*	1.91^ns	2.90^ns
CV (%)	9.00	3.89	12.83	10.62	4.34
Overall average	86.37	86.80	83.47	82.57	83.55

Treatments/sequential applications	Dose (g a.i. ha^-1)	Application mode
No hand hoeing (non-weeded control)	----	----
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	----	----
sulfentrazone	500	Pre
sulfentrazone/[clomazone + clethodim]	500/[1125 + 120]	Pre/[Post]²
sulfentrazone/mesotrione¹	500/240	Pre/Post²
S-metolachlor	1920	Pre
S-metolachlor/[clomazone + clethodim]	1920/[1125 + 120]	Pre/[Post]²
S-metolachlor/mesotrione¹	1920/240	Pre/Post²
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/[clomazone + clethodim]	[500 + 1920]/[1125 + 120]	[Pre]/[Post]²
[sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor]/mesotrione¹	500 + 1920/[240]	[Pre]/Post²

Treatments	Root yields	Starch content
Treatments	(t ha^-1)	(%)
Hand hoeing (weed-free control)	20.91 a	27.71
No hoeing (non-weeded control)	5.80 b	27.03
glyphosate + hand hoeing	19.22 a	27.31
glyphosate + sulfentrazone	17.07 a	27.52
glyphosate + flumioxazin	18.94 a	27.38
glyphosate + clomazone	17.33 a	26.53
glyphosate + S-metolachlor	18.35 a	23.08
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + clomazone	19.09 a	26.74
glyphosate + sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor	19.78 a	26.96
glyphosate + flumioxazin + clomazone	16.31 a	27.10
glyphosate + flumioxazin + S-metolachlor	17.02 a	28.30
Treatment (Calculated F)	6.84**	1.21 ^ns
Block (Calculated F)	1.30^ns	2.59 ^ns
CV (%)	17.89	3.05
Overall average	17.26	27.14

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Chemical management of weeds in cassava crop, cultivar ‘Santa Helena’1 This work is part of the line of research on weed management in the cassava crop of the Grupo de Estudo em Matologia do Oeste Paranaense (GEMOP)

ABSTRACT

Chemical management of weeds in cassava crop, cultivar ‘Santa Helena’¹ This work is part of the line of research on weed management in the cassava crop of the Grupo de Estudo em Matologia do Oeste Paranaense (GEMOP)