Vigor assessment of juvenile rubber tree clones in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil

Gonçalves, Elaine Cristine Piffer; Gouvêa, Lígia Regina Lima; Martins, Antonio Lúcio Mello; Branco, Roberto Botelho Ferraz; Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202168060008

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Plant breeding applied to agriculture • Rev. Ceres 68 (6) • Nov-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202168060008 copy

Vigor assessment of juvenile rubber tree clones in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil¹ This work was Funded by São Paulo State Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply - SAA/SP.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Besides rubber production, one of the main goals of the genetic improvement of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] is to develop vigorous clones. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vigor of 34 elite juvenile rubber clones. To this end, three experiments were conducted in the municipality of Pontes Gestal, in the northwest region of the São Paulo State. Each experiment consisted of 10 treatments, and 2 controls in common to the 3 experiments. The experiments were arranged in the randomized block design, with three replications and ten plants per plot, in the 8 m x 2.5 m spacing. Individual and joint analyses of variance were performed. The means were compared using the Dunnett test at 5%. Significant effect of treatments was found in the three experiments and in the joint analysis. The most vigorous clones were not different from the controls in the comparison of means by the individual and joint analyses. The less vigorous clones were statistically different from the others and from the controls, reflecting this difference in the genetic variability observed. The breeding program must consider the lack of difference between the most vigorous clones and the controls when recombining superior clones, since genetic gain depends on variability.

Keywords:
joint analysis; Dunnet test; rubber tree girth; genetic variability

Clone	Genealogy
Experiment 1
PB 312	RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86) x PB 235 [PB 5/51 (PB 56 x PB24) x PB S/78 (PB 49 x PB 25)])
IRCA 111	PB 5/51 (PB 86 x PB 5/78) x RRIM 600 ((Tjir 1 x PB 86)
PB 314	RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86) x PB 235 [PB 5/51 (PB 56 x PB24) x PB S/78 (PB 49 x PB 25)])
RRIM 710	RRIM 605 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x RRIM 71
RRIM 938	PB 5/51(PB 56 x PB24) x RRIM 703 [RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x RRIM 500 (Pil B84 x PilA 44)]]
RRIM 711	RRIM 605 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x RRIM 71
RRIM 937	PB 5/51(PB 56 x PB24) x RRIM 703 [RRIM 600(Tjir 1 x PB 86) x RRIM 500 (Pil B84 x PilA 44)]
PB 350	RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86) x PB 235[PB 5/51 (PB 56 x PB24) x PB S/78 (PB 49 x PB 25)])
RRIM 600	Tjir 1 x PB 69
GT 1	Primary clone
Experiment 2
RRIM 713	RRIM 605 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x RRIM 71
RRIM 714	RRIM 605 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x PB 49
IAC 35	Fx 25 [(F35L x AVROS 49) x RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86)] x RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86)
IAC 40	RRIM 608 ( Tjir 33 x Tjir 1) x AVROS 1279 (AVROS 256 x AVROS 374)
IAC 300	RRIM 605 (Tjir 1 x PB 49) x AVROS 353(AVROS 164 x AVROS 160)
IAC 301	RRIM 501 (Pil A 44 x Lun N) x AVROS 1518 (AVROS 214 x AVROS 317)
PC 96	PB 5/51(PB 56 x PB24) x RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86)
PC 140	PB 5/51(PB 56 x PB24) x RRIM 703 (RRIM 600(Tjir 1 x PB 86) x RRIM 500 (Pil B84 x PilA 44)]
RRIM 600	Tjir 1 x PB 69
GT 1	Primary clone
Experiment 3
PM 10	-
PR 255	Tjir 1 x PR 107
PB 291	-
IAC 400	GT 711 x RRIM 600 (Tjir 1 x PB 86).
IAC 402	GT 711 ill.⁽²⁾
IAC 403	GT 711 ill. ⁽²⁾
IAC 404	PB 5/63 (PB 56 x PB 24) x AVROS 363
IAC 405	Tjir 1 x RRIM 623 (PB 49 x Pil B 84).
RRIM 600	Tjir 1 x PB 69
GT 1	Primary clone

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E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: elainegoncalves@apta.sp.gov.br

Source of Variation	D.F.	Mean Squares
Source of Variation	D.F.	Experiment 1	Experiment 2	Experiment 3
Blocks	2	8.94	0.3	0.79
Treatments	9	14.66**	11.86**	17.20**
Genotypes (G)	7	17.50**	7.95**	17.02**
Control (T)	1	0.28	0.54	8.4
G. vs T	1	9.19	50.57**	27.26*
Residue	18	3.84	1.83	3.38
C.V.%		10.8	7.06	9.7
Overall Mean		18.14	19.19	18.94

Source of Variation	D.F.	M.S.	F
Blocks	6	3.25	2.96
Experiment	2	8.98 ns	5.10
Ajusted treatment	25	15.47**
Residue	56	3.03
Overall Mean		18.76
Coefficient of Variation ( CV %)		9.28
Genotipic variability( ${\hat{θ}}_{g}^{2}$ )		4.15
Coefficient of genotypic determination ( $\dot{{\hat{H}}_{g}^{2}}$ )		80.39
Coefficient of genetic variation (CV_g %)		11.13

Clones Experiment 1	Means	Clones Experiment 2	Means	Clones Experiment 3	Means
RRIM 937	20.92 ab	IAC 35	20.85 ab	IAC 404	21.47 ab
IRCA 111	20.70 ab	IAC 301	20.22 ab	IAC 405	20.30 ab
RRIM 938	19.33 ab	PC 140	19.64 ab	IAC 400	19.37 ab
RRIM 711	18.07 ab	RRIM 714	18.32 a	IAC 403	19.33 ab
PB 312	17.18 ab	PC 96	18.30 a	PR 255	18.12 ab
PB 314	16.82 ab	RRIM713	17.56	PB 291	17.98 ab
PB 350	16.12 ab	IAC 40	17.55	IAC 402	17.67 ab
RRIM 710	13.78	IAC 300	15.87	PM 10	13.47
RRIM 600*	19.46 a	RRIM 600*	21.48 a	RRIM 600*	22.03 a
GT 1*	19.03 b	GT 1*	22.08 b	GT 1*	19.67 b

Experiments	Clone	Mean
1	RRIM 937	22.30 ab
1	IRCA 111	22.08 ab
3	IAC 404	21.24 ab
1	RRIM 938	20.71 ab
3	IAC 405	20.08 ab
2	IAC 35	19.69 ab
1	RRIM 711	19.45 ab
3	IAC 400	19.15 ab
3	IAC 403	19.11 ab
2	IAC 301	19.06 ab
1	PB 312	18.56 ab
2	PC 40	18.48 ab
1	PB 314	18.20 ab
3	PR 255	17.89 ab
3	PB 291	17.76 ab
1	PB 350	17.50 ab
3	IAC 402	17.45 ab
2	RRIM 714	17.16 ab
2	PC 96	17.14 ab
2	RRIM 713	16.41 ab
2	IAC 40	16.39 ab
1	RRIM 710	15.16
2	IAC 300	14.71
3	PM 10	13.26
	RRIM 600*	20.99 a
	GT 1*	20.26 b

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Vigor assessment of juvenile rubber tree clones in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil1 This work was Funded by São Paulo State Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply - SAA/SP.

ABSTRACT

Vigor assessment of juvenile rubber tree clones in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil¹ This work was Funded by São Paulo State Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply - SAA/SP.