<b>Forage mass, botanical composition and stocking density of bermudagrass overseeded with forage legumes</b>

Anjos, Amanda Nunes Assis dos; Olivo, Clair Jorge; Leme, Denise Pereira; Aguirre, Priscila Flôres; Pires, Franciane de Almeida; Falk, Débora Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/0034-737X201764050007

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Animal Production and Reproduction • Rev. Ceres 64 (5) • Sep-Oct 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201764050007 copy

Forage mass, botanical composition and stocking density of bermudagrass overseeded with forage legumes ¹ 1 This research is part of the first author master's thesis.

Massa de forragem, composição botânica e taxa de lotação em pastagem de capim bermuda consorciada com leguminosas forrageiras.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Pastures of the genus Cynodon are being cultivated alone in conventional production with high rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Information and research about its use on mixed-pasture system is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate three grazing systems with coastcross-1 (CC) + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 + common vetch; CC + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 + arrowleaf clover; and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1. The experiment was carried out from May 2013 to April 2014. The sward height, forage mass, botanical composition, leaf:stem ratio, and animal stocking density were evaluated. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in completely split-plot time (grazing cycles). The average stocking rate was 7.0, 6.8, 6.8 cows ha^-1 day^-1 for the respective forage systems. Better results were found with coastcross-1 mixed with common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 in winter and spring and coastcross-1 alone + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 in autumn.

Key words:
coastcross-1; Cynodon dactylon; lactating cows; rotational grazing; Trifolium vesiculosum; Vicia sativa

Authorship

Amanda Nunes Assis dos Anjos

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. assiszoot@yahoo.com.br; priscilafloresaguirre@yahoo.com.brUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. assiszoot@yahoo.com.br; priscilafloresaguirre@yahoo.com.br

Clair Jorge Olivo ^**Corresponding author: clairolivo@yahoo.com.br

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. clairolivo@yahoo.com.brUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. clairolivo@yahoo.com.br

Denise Pereira Leme

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. denise.leme@ufsc.brUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaBrazilFlorianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. denise.leme@ufsc.br

Priscila Flôres Aguirre

Franciane de Almeida Pires

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. franciane-ap@hotmail.com; debora.dedi02@hotmail.comUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. franciane-ap@hotmail.com; debora.dedi02@hotmail.com

Débora Ribeiro Falk

*Corresponding author: clairolivo@yahoo.com.br

¹ This research is part of the first author master's thesis.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1:
Sward height, pre-grazing forage mass and botanical composition of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014

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Table 2:
Sward height, post-grazing forage mass and botanical composition of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014

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Table 3:
Leaf blade/stem plus sheath of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014.

Thumbnail

Table 4:
Stocking density of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/201

Table 1: Sward height, pre-grazing forage mass and botanical composition of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014

SF	Season				Average	CV (%)
SF	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Average	CV (%)
Sward height (cm)
CE	33^Aa	21^c	30^Ab	28^b	28	2.8
CT	34^Aa	21^c	27^ABb	26^b	27	2.8
CN	22^Bbc	21^c	28^Ba	29^a	25	3.1
CV (%)	3.0	4.3	3.1	3.2
Forage mass (Kg of DM ha^-1)
CE	3416^Ab	3265^Ab	3880^a	2901^Bb	3366	3.4
CT	2676^Bb	2635^Bb	3583^a	2905^Bb	2950	3.8
CN	2783^Bb	2865^Bb	3644^a	3467^Aa	3190	3.5
CV (%)	4.4	4.5	3.5	4.2
Botanical composition (%)
Coastcross-1
CE	16.7^c	27.9^Bb	45.4^a	48.5^Aa	34.7	5.2
CT	20.8^c	26.0^Bb	43.0^a	48.4^Aa	34.6	5.0
CN	21.5^c	33.2^Ab	51.0^a	44.9^Bb	37.7	4.5
CV (%)	11.2	7.0	4.5	4.6
Annual ryegrass
CE	33.4	25.3^a	-	-	29.4	12.3
CT	32.7	24.7^B	-	-	31.3	12.0
CN	35.7^b	35.2^Aa	-	-	37.6	9.5
CV (%)	9.2	8.7
Legumes
CE	28.1^Aa	19.2^b	-	-	23.7	11.5
CT	9.3^Bb	24.0^a	23.2^a	-	18.8	19.1
CV (%)	21.5	16.5
Other species
CE	11.0^c	17.5^b	50.8^Aa	47.5^ABa	31.7	5.8
CT	17.2^c	17.0^bc	29.6^Ba	45.3^Ba	27.3	6.2
CN	13.3^c	21.5^b	44.3^Aa	50.7^Aa	32.4	5.9
CV (%)	16.6	9.2	4.9	4.7
Dead material
CE	10.6^Ca	9.3^a	3.8^b	4.0^Bb	7.0	18.5
CT	19.9^Ba	8,3^b	4.2^b	6.3^Ab	10.0	12.0
CN	29.5^Aa	10.1^a	4.7^b	4.4^Bb	12.1	10.4
CV (%)	7.8	14.5	25.4	32.1

Means followed by capital letters in the column and lowercase letters on the line differ (p ≤ 0.05) by the Tukey's test. CV = coefficient of variation, DM = dry matter.

Table 2: Sward height, post-grazing forage mass and botanical composition of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014

SF	Season				Average	CV (%)
SF	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Average	CV (%)
Sward height (cm)
CE	12^Bb	12^b	17^Aa	17^a	14	3.0
CT	13^Bb	13^b	15^Ba	16^a	14	3.0
CN	15^Ab	13^c	17^Aa	17^a	15	2.8
CV (%)	3.7	4.0	3.0	3.0
Forage mass (Kg of DM ha^-1)
CE	2161^a	1987^ab	1767^b	1761^b	1919	5.2
CT	1886^a	1676^b	1736^ab	1913^a	1802	5.5
CN	2042^a	1731^b	1705^b	1838^ab	1829	5.4
CV (%)	5.6	6.4	6.6	6.2
Botanical composition (%)
Coastcross-1
CE	17.6^b	36.1^Aa	38.6^a	33.3^Ba	31.4	6.9
CT	22.9^bc	28.6^Bc	36.4^a	39.2^Abc	31.8	6.8
CN	20.3^b	39.0^Aa	41.4^a	41.5^Aa	35.5	6.1
CV (%)	12.4	7.2	6.4	6.6
Annual ryegrass
CE	22.9	28.5	-	-	25.7	19.9
CT	25.4	27.9	-	-	26.6	19.2
CN	25.4	28.1	-	-	26.7	19.1
CV (%)	17.0	14.8
Legumes
CE	26.9^A	13.3	-	-	20.1	12.6
CT	6.2^Bb	17.8^a	21.8^a	-	15.3	16.6
CV (%)	18.7	19.9
Other species
CE	7.1^Bc	20.5^b	53.8^a	58.7^Aa	35.0	6.8
CT	13.0^Ac	22.4^b	50.9^a	49.5^Ba	33.9	7.1
CN	12.4^Ac	22.7^b	50.5^a	48.7^Ba	33.6	7.1
CV (%)	25.6	12.7	5.3	5.3
Dead material
CE	25.3^Ba	12.3^b	7.5^Bb	8.0^Bb	13.2	27.4
CT	32.3^ABa	15.2^b	18.4^Ab	11.2^Ab	19.3	18.8
CN	41.7^Aa	19.8^b	8.0^Bb	9.7^Bb	19.8	18.4
CV (%)	12.7	26.6	27.2	30.0

Means followed by capital letters in the column and lowercase letters on the line differ (p ≤ 0.05) by the Tukey's test. CV = coefficient of variation, DM = dry matter.

Table 3: Leaf blade/stem plus sheath of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/2014.

Season
SF	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Average	CV (%)
SF	Coastcross-1				Average	CV (%)
Pre-grazing
CE	1.56^a	0.98^a	0.91^b	0.93^ab	1.09	19.0
CT	1.38^a	0.85^b	0.92^a	0.87^ab	1.01	20.7
CN	1.00^a	0.88^b	0.94^a	0.93^a	0.94	22.2
CV(%)	18.3	26.6	26.0	26.0
Post-grazing
CE	0.39^b	0.61^a	0.61^a	0.62^a	0.56	8.7
CT	0.49^b	0.62^a	0.56^a	0.60^a	0.57	9.1
CN	0.36^b	0.60^a	0.73^a	0.52^b	0.51	9.5
CV(%)	13.7	9.2	9.7	9.8

Means followed by different letters in column differ (p ≤ 0.05) by the Tukey’s test. CV = coefficient of variation.

Table 4: Stocking density of three pasture-based systems (SF) with Coastcross-1 (CC) + common vetch + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CE); CC + arrowleaf clover + 100 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CT) and CC + 200 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 (CN). Santa Maria, RS, 2013/201

Season
SF	Winter^*	Spring^*	Summer^*	Autumn^*	Average	CV (%)
SF	Stocking density (AU ha^-1d^-1)^**				Average	CV (%)
CE	171^Ab	169^Ab	181^Aa	129^Bc	163	3.5
CT	120^Bc	133^Bb	169^Ba	129^Bb	138	4.2
CN	110^Bc	148^ABb	168^Ba	152^Ab	144	4.0
CV (%)	4.9	4.4	3.8	4.9

Means followed by uppercase letters in the column and lowercase letters in the line differ (p ≤ 0.05) by the Tukey's test.
CV = coefficient of variation; AU = animal unit.
* Number of grazing cycles per SF (13 in CT and CN; and 12 in CE, respectively).
** Mean per season; AU ha^-1d^-1 per grazing cycle.

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