Tongue pressure and endurance in patients with Class II and Class III malocclusion

Menezes, Laís de Fátima; Rocha Neto, Alípio Miguel da; Paulino, Clarissa Evelyn Bandeira; Laureano Filho, José Rodrigues; Studart-Pereira, Luciana Moraes

doi:10.1590/1982-0216201820210917

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 20 (2) • Mar-Apr 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820210917 copy

Tongue pressure and endurance in patients with Class II and Class III malocclusion

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to evaluate pressure and endurance exerted by the tongue and their association with malocclusion, gender and age in orthognathic surgery candidates.

Method:

a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study, performed with 34 subjects, i.e., 18 women and 16 men, in the average age 28.7 years, sorted by Angle’s classification. Self-reported complaint of tongue mobility and stomatognathic functions was assessed and the evaluation of tongue mobility carried out. Tongue pressure and endurance were measured with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The data were analyzed descriptively and, for inferential analysis, the Pearson Chi-Square test was used. A 5% significance level was considered.

Results:

the assessed pressure and tongue endurance values of patients with malocclusion were lower than the reference ones, indicating a statistical significance in class II female patients. There was an association between inadequate pressure and tongue endurance in women with class II malocclusion. Pressure and tongue endurance in females were slightly higher than in males and a gradual decrease in averages of pressure and tongue endurance with advancing age was seen.

Conclusion:

pressure and tongue endurance values in women presented with class II malocclusion were lower than the reference ones, an association between inadequate pressure and tongue endurance being found.

Keywords:
Dentofacial Deformities; Malocclusion; Tongue

	Tongue Pressure	Average ± SD (kPa)	Median (kPa)	Reference Value (kPa)
Pressure	class II	27.50 (±11.80)	30.00 (7-42)	63.00
Pressure	class III	41.96 (±21.66)	43.50 (7-77)	63.00
Endurance	class II	5.5 (±4.74)	4.00 (1-15)	30-35
Endurance	class III	13.61 (±13.03)	11.50 (1-57)	30-35

		Adjustment	n	N	p-value¹
Pressure	class II	Yes	1	8	0.03*
	class II	No	7	8	0.03*
	class II females	Yes	1	8	0.03*
	class II females	No	7	8	0.03*
	class II males	-	-	-	-
	class III	Yes	13	26	1.00
	class III	No	13	26	1.00
	class III females	Yes	6	10	0.54
	class III females	No	4	10	0.54
	class III males	Yes	7	16	0.65
	class III males	No	9	16	0.65
Endurance	class II	Yes	2	8	0.15
	class II	No	6	8	0.15
	class II females	Yes	2	8	0.15
	class II females	No	6	8	0.15
	class II males	-		-	-
	class III	Yes	15	26	0.69
	class III	No	11	26	0.69
	class III females	Yes	8	10	0.05*
	class III females	No	2	10	0.05*
	class III males	Yes	6	16	0.31
	class III males	No	10	16	0.31

	Occlusion	Women
		Adjustment			p-value¹
		Yes	No	Total	p-value¹
Pressure	class II	1	7	8
	class III	10	0	10
	Total	11	7	18	.000*
Endurance	class II	2	6	8
	class III	8	2	10
	Total	10	8	18	0.02*

		Average ± SD (kPa)	Median (kPa)	Reference Value (kPa)
Pressure	Females	39.50 (±19.70)	36.50 (7-76)	63.00
Pressure	Males	38.00 (±21.77)	39.00 (7-77)	63.00
Endurance	Females	13.25 (±13.65)	11.00 (1-57)	30-35
Endurance	Males	10.12 (±9.87)	7.50 (1-38)	30-35

	Age	Average ± SD (kPa)	Median (kPa)	N	Reference Value (kPa)
Pressure	<20 years	43.00 (±19.73)	52.00 (11-67)	5	63.00
	20 to 39 years	38.04 (±22.31)	38.00 (7-77)	25	63.00
	40-45 years	36.25 (±3.96)	36.00 (31-42)	4	63.00
Endurance	<20 years	20.60 (±14.23)	15.00 (4-37)	5	30-35
	20 to 39 years	10.48 (±11.64)	8.00 (1-57)	25	30-35
	40-45 years	8.25 (±5.26)	6.50 (3-17)	4	30-35

	Age	Adjustment	n	N	p-value¹
Pressure	<20 years	Yes	3	5	0.65
	<20 years	No	2	5	0.65
	20 to 39 years	Yes	11	25	0.54
	20 to 39 years	No	14	25	0.54
	40-45 years	Yes	0	4	-
	40-45 years	No	4	4	-
Endurance	<20 years	Yes	3	5	0.65
	<20 years	No	2	5	0.65
	20 to 39 years	Yes	12	25	0.84
	20 to 39 years	No	13	25	0.84
	40-45 years	Yes	1	4	0.31
	40-45 years	No	3	4	0.31

	Age	Adequacy			p-value¹
	Age	Yes	No	Total	p-value¹
Pressure	<20 years	3	2	5
	20 to 39 years	11	14	25
	40-45 years	0	4	4
	Total	14	20	34	0.16
Endurance	<20 years	3	2	5
	20 to 39 years	12	13	25
	40-45 years	1	3	4
	Total	16	18	34	0.56

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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