Finger Kazoo: spectrographic acoustic modifications and
					vocal self-assessment<i>Finger Kazoo</i>: modificações vocais
					acústicas espectrográficas e autoavaliação vocal

Cielo, Carla Aparecida; Christmann, Mara Keli

doi:10.1590/1982-021620145513

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. CEFAC 16 (4) • Jul-Aug 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620145513 copy

Finger Kazoo: spectrographic acoustic modifications and vocal self-assessmentFinger Kazoo: modificações vocais acústicas espectrográficas e autoavaliação vocal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Purpose

to correlate the spectrographic vocal modifications and self-evaluation after finger kazoo.

Methods

visual spectrographic analysis of the vowel /a:/ of 46 adult women, without vocal complaints or laryngeal alterations and self-evaluation before (Moment 1 – M1), after finger kazoo (M2) and after five minutes of silence (M3). Kappa, Chi-square and Spearman tests. The parameter for improving the voice was the statistical significance of the results after the finger kazoo.

Results

improvement of darkening tracing of the formant (F) and high frequencies, of tracing regularity and definition of the harmonics. Best voice self-reported as increasing of intensity of the tracing darkening of F3, improvement of tracing definition and number of harmonic and replacement of harmonics with noise in medium frequencies.

Conclusions

after the finger kazoo, there was an increase of darkening, regularity and definition of the spectrographic tracing and best voice self-reported.

Voice; Phonation; Rehabilitation; Speech Acoustics

Voz; Fonação; Reabilitação; Acústica da Fala

M1XM2 n (%)				M1XM3 n (%)

Better voice	Worse Voice	Equal voice	p- value	Better voice	Worse Voice	Equal voice	p- value
40(86,96)	2 (4,35)	4 (8,70)	0,0001*	37(80,43)	2 (4,35)	7(15,22)	0,0001*

M2XM3

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of F	F1	12 (26,09)	22 (47,83)	12 (26,09)	0,113
	F2	20 (43,48)	12 (26,09)	14 (30,43)	0,322
	F3	21 (45,65)	10 (21,74)	15 (32,61)	0,138
	F4	15 (32,61)	17 (36,96)	14 (30,43)	0,858
	Stroke color of high frequencies	17 (36,96)	16 (34,78)	13 (28,26)	0,753
	Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram	20 (43,48)	12 (26,09)	14 (30,43)	0,322

Presence of noise	All over the voice spectrogram	15 (32,61)	22 (47,83)	9 (19,57)	0,063
	In high frequencies	12 (26,09)	26 (56,52)	8 (17,39)	0,002*
	In medium frequencies	12 (26,09)	25 (54,35)	9 (19,57)	0,008*
	In low frequencies	5 (10,87)	38 (82,61)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

Tracing definition of F	F1	13 (28,26)	27 (58,70)	6 (13,04)	0,000*
	F2	22 (47,83)	12 (26,09)	12 (26,09)	0,113
	F3	21 (45,65)	13 (28,26)	12 (26,09)	0,204
	F4	21 (45,65)	13 (28,26)	12 (26,09)	0,204

Tracing regularity		23 (50,00)	10 (21,74)	13 (28.26)	0,048*

M1XM2

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of F	F1	9 (19,57)	15 (32,61)	22 (47,83)	0,063
	F2	7 (15,22)	18 (39,13)	21 (45,65)	0,028*
	F3	8 (17,39)	14 (30,43)	24 (52,17)	0,014*
	F4	7 (15,22)	15 (32,61)	24 (52,17)	0,008*
	Stroke color of high frequencies	10 (21,74)	9 (19,57)	27 (58,70)	0,001*
	Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram	10 (21,74)	11 (23,91)	25 (54,35)	0,010*

Presence of noise	All over the voice spectrogram	17 (36,96)	18 (39,13)	11 (23,91)	0,392
	In high frequencies	16 (34,78)	23 (50,00)	7(15,22)	0,015*
	In medium frequencies	9 (19,57)	24 (52,17)	13 (28,26)	0,019*
	In low frequencies	4 (8,70)	39 (84,78)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

Tracing definition of F	F1	5 (10,87)	28 (60,87)	13 (28,26)	0,000*
	F2	10 (21,74)	11 (23,91)	25 (54,35)	0,010*
	F3	10 (21,74)	14 (30,43)	22 (47,82)	0,000*
	F4	10 (21,74)	16 (34,78)	20 (43,48)	0,191

Tracing regularity		11 (23,91)	10 (21,74)	25 (54,35)	0,010*

M1XM2

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of high frequencies		9 (19,57)	13 (28,26)	24 (52,17)	0,019*

Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram		8 (17,39)	17 (36,96)	21 (45,65)	0,055

Presence of noise	Between the harmonics	15 (32,61)	24 (52,17)	7 (15,22)	0,008*
	In high frequencies	15 (32,61)	25 (54,35)	6 (13,04)	0,002*
	In medium frequencies	15 (32,61)	22 (47,83)	9 (19,57)	0,063
	In low frequencies	8 (17,39)	32 (69,57)	6 (13,04)	0,000*

Replacement of harmonics with noise	All over the voice spectrogram	7 (15,22)	22 (47,83)	17 (36,96)	0,022
	In all frequencies	4 (8,70)	25 (54,35)	17 (36,96)	0,000*
	In medium frequencies	11 (23,91)	20 (43,48)	15 (32,61)	0,265
	In low frequencies	2 (4,35)	41 (89,13)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

Tracing definition of harmonics		12 (26,09)	9 (19,57)	25 (54,35)	0,008*

Tracing regularity		9 (19,57)	14 (30,43)	23 (50)	0,037*

Number of harmonics		15 (32,61)	9 (19,57)	22 (47,83)	0,063

Presence of sub-harmonics		2 (4,35)	40 (86,96)	4 (8,70)	0,000*

		Vocal self assessment

		M1XM2		M1XM3

		r	p-valor	r	p-valor
Stroke color of F	F1	-0,098	0,514	0,198	0,185
	F2	0,069	0,644	0,232	0,120
	F3	0,092	0,539	0,3193	0,030*
	F4	0,037	0,804	0,200	0,182
	Stroke color of high frequencies	0,109	0,467	0,051	0,732
	Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram	0,086	0,565	0,066	0,659

Presence of noise	All over the voice spectrogram	0,020	0,894	0,027	0,854
	In high frequencies	0,054	0,717	0,089	0,555
	In medium frequencies	0,040	0,787	0,100	0,506
	In low frequencies	-0,023	0,877	0,091	0,547

Tracing definition of F	F1	0,124	0,407	0,000	0,998
	F2	0,264	0,075	0,162	0,281
	F3	0,140	0,350	0,125	0,407
	F4	-0,039	0,796	0,137	0,367

Tracing regularity Regularidade do traçado		0,107	0,478	0,055	0,711

M1XM3

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of F	F1	7 (15,22)	15 (32,61)	24 (52,17)	0,008*
	F2	18 (39,13)	6 (13,04)	22 (47,83)	0,010*
	F3	10 (21,74)	11 (23,91)	25 (54,35)	0,010*
	F4	5 (10,87)	17 (36,96)	24 (52,17)	0,002*
	Stroke color of high frequencies	7 (15,22)	12 (26,09)	27 (58,70)	0,000*
	Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram	11 (23,91)	15 (32,61)	20 (43,48)	0,265

Presence of noise	All over the voice spectrogram	17 (36,96)	19 (41,30)	10 (21,74)	0,233
	In high frequencies	20 (43,48)	19 (41,30)	7 (15,22)	0,032*
	In medium frequencies	19 (41,30)	22 (47,83)	5 (10,87)	0,004*
	In low frequencies	9 (19,57)	34 (73,91)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

Tracing definition of F	F1	4 (8,70)	23 (50,00)	19 (41,30)	0,001*
	F2	17 (36,96)	9 (19,57)	20 (43,48)	0,121
	F3	14 (30,43)	7 (15,22)	25 (54,35)	0,004*
	F4	7 (15,22)	17 (36,96)	22 (47,83)	0,022*

Tracing regularity		20 (43,48)	6 (13,04)	20 (43,48)	0,140

M1XM3

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of high frequencies		6 (13,04)	19 (41,30)	21 (45,65)	0,013*

Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram		12 (26,09)	10 (21,74)	24 (52,17)	0,023*

Presence of noise	Between the harmonics	21 (45,65)	18 (39,13)	7 (15,22)	0,028*
	In high frequencies	18 (39,13)	25 (54,35)	3 (6,52)	0,000*
	In medium frequencies	21 (45,65)	15 (32,61)	10 (21,74)	0,138
	In low frequencies	16 (34,78)	25 (34,78)	5 (10,87)	0,001*

Replacement of harmonics with noise	All over the voice spectrogram	10 (21,74)	23 (50,00)	13 (28,26)	0,048*
	In all frequencies	6 (13,04)	29 (63,04)	11 (23,91)	0,000*
	In medium frequencies	11 (23,91)	24 (52,17)	11 (23,91)	0,025*
	In low frequencies	7 (15,22)	35 (76,09)	4 (8,70)	0,000*

Tracing definition of harmonics		18 (39,13)	8 (17,39)	20 (43,48)	0,067

Tracing regularity		15 (32,61)	8 (17,39)	23 (50,00)	0,025*

Number of harmonics		16 (34,78)	13 (28,26)	17 (36,96)	0,753

Presence of sub-harmonics		-	43 (93,48)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

M2XM3

		Worsening n (%)	No change n (%)	Improvement n (%)	p-value
Stroke color of high frequencies		19 (41,30)	15 (32,61)	12 (26,09)	0,447

Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram		17 (36,96)	14 (30,43)	15 (32,61)	0,858

Presence of noise	Between the harmonics	13 (28,26)	24 (52,17)	9 (19,57)	0,019*
	In high frequencies	8 (17,39)	31 (67,39)	7 (15,22)	0,000*
	In medium frequencies	15 (32,61)	22 (47,83)	9 (19,57)	0,063
	In low frequencies	12 (26,09)	28 (60,87)	6 (13,04)	0,000*

Replacement of harmonics with noise	All over the voice spectrogram	16 (34,78)	24 (52,17)	6 (13,04)	0,005*
	In all frequencies	14 (30,43)	25 (54,35)	7 (15,22)	0,004*
	In medium frequencies	13 (28,26)	27 (58,70)	6 (13,04)	0,000*
	In low frequencies	6 (13,04)	37 (80,43)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

Tracing definition of harmonics		21 (45,65)	9 (19,57)	16 (34,78)	0,093

Tracing regularity		18 (39,13)	17 (36,96)	11 (23,91)	0,392

Number of harmonics		19 (41,30)	13 (28,26)	14 (30,43)	0,509

Presence of sub-harmonics		-	43 (93,48)	3 (6,52)	0,000*

		Vocal self assessment

		M1XM2		M1XM3

		r	p valor	r	p valor
Stroke color of high frequencies		0,020	0,891	0,185	0,216

Stroke color all over the voice spectrogram		0,061	0,685	0,102	0,498

Presence of noise	Between the harmonics	0,080	0,592	-0,085	0,573
	In high frequencies	0,060	0,687	-0,185	0,218
	In medium frequencies	0,096	0,525	-0,119	0,427
	In low frequencies	-0,045	0,766	0,067	0,657

Replacement of harmonics with noise	All over the voice spectrogram	-0,067	0,655	0,195	0,193
	In high frequencies	-0,006	0,966	0,016	0,915
	In medium frequencies	-0,123	0,415	0,392	0,006*
	In low frequencies	0,047	0,752	0,147	0,329

Tracing definition of harmonics		0,008	0,953	0,323	0,028*

Tracing regularity		-0,098	0,512	0,236	0,113

Number of harmonics		0,013	0,927	0,335	0,022*

Presence of sub-harmonics		-0,148	0,324	0,129	0,390

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