BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to establish an anatomical surgical protocol to guide on parathyroid identification. METHOD: This was a transversal and retrospective study using intraoperative photographic register of 53 total and partial thyroidectomies, done through January 2002 and August 2006, with benign and malignant thyroid patients. RESULTS: Pictures of 111 parathyroids glands have been taken. From 67 superior parathyroids, 65 (97%) were surrounded by a thin and irregular adipose tissue; from 44 inferior parathyroids, 41 (93.1%) were partially or totally surrounded by fat adhered and spread to the thyroid capsule. The access and care to prevent hemorrhages are both items which prevent the surgeon from having greater difficulties. Furthermore, it is necessary to follow a rigid technique with ligature of the superior pedicle, carried out as the first step, followed by dislocation of thyroid lobe into a medial position to identify safely the parathyroids glands. CONCLUSION: It is mandatory to preserve the adipose tissue intact adhered to the thyroid capsule, where parathyroids glands are localized more than 90%. The surgical handling of this thin adipose lamina provokes parathyroid color changes transforming them from yellow-gold fat to brownish and imposing bigger attention to the surgeon.
Parathyroid glands; Thyroid gland; Thyroidectomy
