Physiological indices and growth of hydroponic cucumber under saline nutrient solutions and salicylic acid

Sá, Valeska K. N. O. de; Lima, Geovani S. de; Soares, Lauriane A. dos A.; Mendonça, Allysson J. T. de; Torres, Rafaela A. F.; Dantas, Maíla V.; Guedes, Maria A.; Gheyi, Hans R.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712148rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712148rc copy

Physiological indices and growth of hydroponic cucumber under saline nutrient solutions and salicylic acid

Índices fisiológicos e crescimento de pepino hidropônico sob soluções nutritivas salinas e ácido salicílico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid on the physiological indices and growth of Japanese cucumber cv. Hiroshi grown under saline nutrient solutions in a hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center of Science and Agri-Food Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic cultivation system. A completely randomized design was used in a split-plot scheme, with plots consisting of four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 3.6, 5.1, and 6.6 dS m-1) and subplots consisting of concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.8, 3.6, and 5.4 mM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. ECns of 4.8 dS m-1 associated with foliar application of 3.6 mM of SA resulted in higher relative water content. Growth, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, and biomass accumulation in Japanese cucumber plants are inhibited by nutrient solution from 2.1 dS m-1. Salicylic acid at concentration of 2.0 mM promoted a higher relative growth rate of leaf area for plants under nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m-1. SA concentration of 5.4 mM associated with saline nutrient solution of 6.6 dS m-1 resulted in a higher root/shoot ratio, but intensified the deleterious effects of salt stress on the biomass accumulation of cucumber plants.

Keywords
Cucumis sativus L. Salt stress; Gas exchange; Mitigator

Sources of variation	DF			Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	RWC	%EL	gs(1)	E(1)	Ci(1)	A
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	341.624 ^ns	153.29 ^ns	0.09^**	2.62^ns	7839.14^* * and ** respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV: coefficient of variation, DF: degrees of freedom;	97.21^ns
Linear regression	1	514.64^* * and ** respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV: coefficient of variation, DF: degrees of freedom;	40.16 ^ns	0.15^**	1.20^ns	16230.75^* * and ** respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV: coefficient of variation, DF: degrees of freedom;	37.79^ns
Quadratic regression	1	4.461^ns	2.01 ns	0.000^ns	0.00^ns	1816.89^ns	74.34^ns
Residual 1	9	93.06	52.70	0.009	0.61	1819.16	23.89
Salicylic acid (SA)	3	178.36^ns	197.45 ^ns	0.01^ns	0.52^ns	8884.47^**	13.51^ns
Linear regression	1	9.50 ns	360.28 ^ns	0.000^ns	0.15^ns	538.20^ns	2.88^ns
Quadratic regression	1	39.64 ^ns	107.15 ^ns	0.037^ns	0.98^ns	13427.01^**	0.24^ns
Interaction (ECns × SA) Residual 2	9	224.11^* * and ** respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV: coefficient of variation, DF: degrees of freedom;	279.75 ^ns	0.01^ns	0.46^ns	4668.76^**	47.34^ns
CV 1 (%)		13.42	17.64	31.51	24.91	23.18	19.34
CV 2 (%)		14.07	38.65	38.10	23.57	21.74	18.96

Sources of variation			Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	Chl a	Chl b	Chl t	Car
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	43.43**	8.77**	90.20**	3.88**
Linear regression	1	114.65**	23.68**	242.26**	6.83**
Quadratic regression	1	0.18^ns	1.28	2.43^ns	0.09^ns
Residual 1	9	3.29	0.84	6.66	0.12
Salicylic acid (SA)	3	7.11^ns	2.09^ns	16.88^ns	0.13^ns
Linear regression	1	11.72^ns	3.84^ns	28.97^ns	0.36^ns
Quadratic regression	1	4.76^ns	0.92^ns	9.86^ns	0.03^ns
Interaction (ECns × SA) Residual 2	9	8.26^* * ,and ** and respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	1.39^ns	16.12^* * ,and ** and respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	0.46^* * ,and ** and respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.
CV 1 (%)		9.52	15.47	10.33	5.67
CV 2 (%)		9.03	17.90	10.62	7.24

Sources of variation			Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	RGR_PH	RGR_SD	RGR_LA
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	0.23^**	0.23^**	0.84^**
Linear regression	1	0.69^**	0.68^**	1.68^**
Quadratic regression	1	0.027^**	0.020^* * , and **, respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05 and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation, DF - Degrees of freedom.	0.82^**
Residual 1	9	0.0003	0.0023	0.001
Salicylic acid (SA)	3	0.009^**	0.01^**	0.002^ns
Linear regression	1	0.02^**	0.01^**	0.003^ns
Quadratic regression	1	0.001^* * , and **, respectively, not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05 and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation, DF - Degrees of freedom.	0.000^ns	0.002^ns
Interaction (ECns × SA)	9	0.001^**	0.009^**	0.03^**
Residual 2	36	0.0001	0.001	0.001
CV 1(%)		0.37	2.53	0.81
CV 2(%)		0.26	1.73	0.67

Sources of variation			Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF	LDB	StDB	RDB
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	1923.03**	1112.51**	26.44**
Linear regression	1	5760.38**	3325.10**	78.94**
Quadratic regression	1	8.44^ns ns and	1.31^ns ns and	0.35^ns ns and
Residual 1	9	4.86	4.27	0.18
Salicylic acid (SA)	3	226.57^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	118.70^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	3.94^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.
Linear regression	1	628.68^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	348.86^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	11.69^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.
Quadratic regression	1	12.95^ns ns and	0.001^ns ns and	0.09^ns ns and
Interaction (ECns × SA) Residual 2	9	30.70^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	31.21^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.	0.28^ respectively, not significant and significant at p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of Variation; DF - Degrees of freedom.
CV 1(%)		7.97	11.30	8.16
CV 2(%)		9.13	8.05	5.41

Sources of variation	DF -	Mean squares
Sources of variation	DF -	ShDB	TDB	R/S	RV
Saline nutrient solution (ECns)	3	5952.13^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	6770.67^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	0.011Γ^* * and	51728.95^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.
Linear regression	1	17838.36^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	20289.88^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	0.03^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	153006.89^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.
Quadratic regression	1	3.08^ns	5.55^ns	0.002^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	540.09^* * and
Residual 1	9	7.06	7.95	0.0001	39.26
Salicylic acid (SA)	3	646.45^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	749.85^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	0.0005^* * and	2396.21^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.
Linear regression	1	1914.53^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	2225.15^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	0.0005^ns	7177.50^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.
Quadratic regression	1	12.70^ns	10.63^ns	0.0009^* * and	5.38^ns
Interaction (ECns x SA)	9	103.94^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	105.14^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.	0.0003^* * and	344.24^ respectively not significant, significant at p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01; CV - Coefficient of variation; DF - Degrees of Freedom.
Residual 2	36	10.31	10.82	0.0001	36.01
CV 1(%)		5.78	5.50	8.70	5.28
CV 2(%)		6.98	6.41	9.22	5.06

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[1] * Corresponding author: valeska.karoline2015@gmail.com