Performance de produtos à base de glyphosate aplicados isolados e em associações à herbicidas na dessecação

Pereira, Bruno C. S.; Braz, Guilherme B. P.; Souza, Matheus de F.; Reginaldo, Laís T. R. T.; Ferreira, Camila J. B.

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Sumário

Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n404rc copiar

Performance de produtos à base de glyphosate aplicados isolados e em associações à herbicidas na dessecação

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O sistema de plantio direto é um sistema conservacionista que auxilia na sustentabilidade e a produção agrícola. A eficácia de controle do glyphosate, aplicado isoladamente ou em associação a outros herbicidas, pode ser alterada em função da formulação do produto. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate em formulações contendo diferentes sais e concentrações, aplicado isolado e em associações a outros herbicidas, no controle de plantas daninhas em estádios avançados na operação de dessecação pré-semeadura. O experimento foi realizado a campo em área com histórico de elevada infestação de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados, avaliando-se onze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação de três formulações à base de glyphosate isolado e em associações com os herbicidas clethodim e 2,4-D amina, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. As variáveis avaliadas foram porcentagem de controle das plantas daninhas e porcentagem de dessecação. Foi realizado uma comparação de médias por contrastes para analisar a porcentagem de controle de plantas daninhas. De maneira geral, tratamentos contendo produtos à base de glyphosate sal potássico na composição apresentam performance de controle ligeiramente superior em comparação com àqueles constituídos por glyphosate sal de isopropilamina.

Palavras-chave
Plantio direto; Sistema de conservação; Controle de plantas daninhas; Glyphosate sal potássico; Glyphosate à; base de sal de isopropilamina

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
11. Control without herbicide	-

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)		B. brizantha control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	11.2 b	80.7 b	100.0 a	100.0
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	16.2 a	85.7 a	100.0 a	100.0
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	15.7 a	88.0 a	100.0 a	100.0
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	11.2 b	85.0 a	99.5 a	100.0
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	12.5 b	83.5 b	99.5 a	100.0
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	13.7 a	79.2 c	100.0 a	100.0
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.5 b	82.7 b	99.0 a	100.0
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	9.5 b	74.0 d	95.0 c	100.0
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	10.0 b	76.2 d	97.2 b	100.0
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	9.5 b	81.2 b	97.2 b	100.0
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 e	0.0 d	0.0
FCalculated		16.86^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	735.66^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	7358.11^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	-
CV (%)		19.03	2.48	0.77	-

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	D. insularis control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	0.0	2.5 e	2.5 b	0.0 c
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	0.0	8.7 e	3.7 b	0.0 c
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	42.5 a	76.2 a	68.7 a
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	18.7 c	5.0 b	0.0 c
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	0.0	7.5 e	3.7 b	0.0 c
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	38.7 a	73.7 a	68.7 a
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	5.0 e	2.5 b	0.0 c
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	0.0	3.7 e	0.0 b	0.0 c
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	32.5 b	71.2 a	66.2 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	11.2 d	2.5 b	0.0 c
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0	0.0 e	0.0 b	0.0 c
F_Calculated		0.0	62.62^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	408.80^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	2416.36^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		-	24.91	15.03	6.97

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)		A. hybridus control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	1.2 a	77.0 b	86.2 b	87.5 b
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	2.5 a	80.0 a	92.5 a	93.2 a
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	72.5 c	80.0 c	85.0 b
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	5.5 a	82.7 a	88.7 b	92.5 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	1.2 a	72.5 c	82.5 c	85.0 b
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	71.2 c	83.7 c	83.7 b
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 a	71.2 c	81.2 c	85.7 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	1.2 a	71.2 c	80.7 c	83.7 b
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	60.0 d	75.7 d	82.5 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 a	74.5 c	81.2 c	86.2 b
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 a	0.0 e	0.0 e	0.0
FCalculated		1.39^ns	293.96^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	385.92^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	421.32^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		28.84	4.00	3.43	3.26

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	Conyza spp. control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	1.2 c	2.5 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	3.7 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	6.5 a	65.0 a	80.0 a	81.2 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	0.0 c	3.7 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	3.7 b	66.5 a	80.0 a	80.7 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	7.5 b	0.0 c	0.0 c
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 b	62.5 a	76.2 b	79.5 b
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
FCalculated CV (%)		8.95^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 22.99	494.96^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 13.69	2803.58^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 6.47	7334.09^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 4.00

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	Overall control (DAA)				Desiccation
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28	Desiccation
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	10.5 b	75.0 b	92.5 a	94.0 a	92.5 b
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	13.0 a	83.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	11.0 b	79.5 a	90.0 a	93.5 a	91.2 b
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.2 a	81.5 a	97.2 a	97.2 a	95.0 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	10.0 b	73.2 b	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	10.5 b	75.0 b	91.2 a	92.7 a	91.2 b
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.5 a	76.2 b	92.5 a	95.0 a	95.0 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	9.0 b	70.7 b	92.5 a	92.5 a	92.5 b
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	9.5 b	71.5 b	91.2 a	91.2 a	91.2 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	11.0 b	77.5 a	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 b	0.0 b	0.0 c
FCalculated		20.94^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	212.68^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	359.89^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	952.44^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	914.67^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		15.49	4.62	3.50	2.15	2.20

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.