Genetic diversity among bean landraces and cultivars for agronomy traits and selection of superior parents<sup/>

Santos, Guilherme Godoy dos; Ribeiro, Nerinéia Dalfollo; Maziero, Sandra Maria; Santos, Greice Godoy dos

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220031

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220031 copy

Genetic diversity among bean landraces and cultivars for agronomy traits and selection of superior parents¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Diversidade genética entre variedades locais e cultivares de feijão para caracteres agronômicos e seleção de parentais superiores

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The characterization of genetic diversity in common bean genotypes for various agronomic traits enables the selection of promising parents and the identification of genotypes with high agronomic performance. The present study proposes to evaluate the genetic diversity of common bean landraces and cultivars for 14 agronomic traits; examine the correlations between these traits; define promising crosses; and select genotypes with high agronomic performance. A total of 49 common bean genotypes were evaluated in three growing seasons, consisting of 37 landraces and 12 common bean cultivars. Significant effects of genotype × environment interaction or genotype were observed for all agronomic traits, thereby allowing the study of genetic divergence. Several plant-architecture traits were correlated with each other, whereas grain yield was highly correlated with insertion of the last pod (r = 0.74), number of pods per plant (r = 0.74) and mass of 100 grains (r =-0.64). The furthest-neighbor method separated the common bean genotypes into two groups, Mesoamerican and Andean, and mass of 100 grains showed the greatest contribution to the differentiation between the genotypes. Tocher's method was more informative and divided the common bean genotypes into 12 groups. The following crosses are recommended: Vagem Roxa × IPR Juriti, Vagem Roxa × Macanudo, Fepagro Triunfo × IPR Juriti, Fepagro Triunfo × Macanudo, Guapo Brilhante × IPR Juriti, and Guapo Brilhante × Macanudo. The common bean genotypes Fepagro Triunfo, IPR Juriti, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Campeiro and Vagem Roxa have high agronomic performance and should thus be selected by the breeding program.

Key words:
Phaseolus vulgaris L; Genetic variability; Pearson's correlation; Cluster analysis; Selection index

Genotype	Grain	Type	GH	Genotype	Type	GH
	Common bean landraces
Inhoque		yellow	I	Vagem Roxa	black	II
Carioca		carioca	III	Folgado	black	II
Carioca (Vila Nova do Sul)		carioca	III	Banana	black	II
Trindade		carioca	III	Capixaba	black	II
Carioca (Ibarama)		carioca	III	Carioca Rosa	pink	II
Cavalo Claro		cranberry	I	Rosinha	pink	II
Bege Ibarama		beige	I	Milico	green	I
Pintadinho		beige	II	Verde 208	green	I
Preguiçoso		white	II	Tubiano	red	I
Rajado 319		brown	II	Amendoim Comprido	red	II
Mourinho (Claro)		brown	III	Fogo da Serra 322	red	I
Turrialba		black	II	Vermelho Graúdo	red	I
Paraná		black	II	Vermelho Rajado	red	I
Vagem Larga		black	I	Quero Quero	cranberry	II
Manteigão		black	I	Mouro	mouro	I
Argentino		black	II	Mouro 128	mouro	I
Azulão		black	II	Mouro Graúdo	mouro	II
Predominante 140		black	II	Guabiju Roxo	purple	I
Chumbinho		black	II
Common bean cultivars
SCS 205 Riqueza		carioca	III	IPR Uirapurú	black	II
BRS Estilo		carioca	III	BRS Campeiro	black	II
IPR Juriti		carioca	III	Macanudo	black	II
Pérola		carioca	III	Guapo Brilhante	black	II
BRS MG Realce		cranberry	I	Rio Tibagi	black	II
Iraí		cranberry	I	Fepagro Triunfo	black	II

	DF	Mean square
	DF	CYCLE	LDG	SG	GAS	ARC
Block/environment	3	185.32	35.95	9.51	14.13	0.60
Genotype (G)	48	311.04^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	4.28^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.33^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	2.95^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	2.20^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
Environment (E)	2	19,024.67^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	3.31^ns ns non-significant.	178.59^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	25.07^ns ns non-significant.	2.61^ns ns non-significant.
G x E	96	126.16^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	3.59^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.51^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.29^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.64^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
Error	144	40.99	1.02	0.91	0.64	0.82
Mean		92.67	6.20	3.38	6.59	5.78
CEV (%)		6.91	16.27	28.18	12.16	15.67
SA		0.82	0.85	0.63	0.71	0.71
	DF	IFP	ILP	HD	ED	NPP
Block/environment	3	9.86	70.07	0,86	1.35	25.57
Genotype (G)	48	38.11^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	273.05^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.90^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.72^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	34.03^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
Environment (E)	2	1,394.62^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	12,617.67^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	46.69^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	54.00^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1,048.23^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
G x E	96	18.53^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	51.43^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	0.33^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	0.32^ns ns non-significant.	5.35^ns ns non-significant.
Error	144	4.77	22.91	0.22	0.26	5.09
Mean		15.19	34.64	5.04	5.01	9.75
CEV (%)		14.38	13.82	9.36	10.28	23.41
SA		0.86	0.74	0.56	0.43	0.22
	DF	NGP	NGPod	M100G	YELD
Block/environment	3	208.08	0.47	6.49	667,047.37
Genotype (G)	48	862.36^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	1.61^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	250.96^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	913,927.36^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
Environment (E)	2	13,519.01^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	0.65^ns ns non-significant.	406.05^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	27,127,494.26^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
G x E	96	100.06^ns ns non-significant.	0.28^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	24.45^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.	188,400.19^* * Significant by F test at 0.05 probability.
Error	144	90.21	0.12	3.50	95,776.97
Mean		35.87	3.58	30.00	1,440.59
CEV (%)		26.48	9.84	6.24	21.48
SA		0.31	0.74	0.93	0.70

	LDG	SG	GAS	ARC	IFP	ILP	HD	NPP	M100G	YIELD
CYCLE	0.12^ns ns non-significant	0.42^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.28^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.08^ns ns non-significant	0.68^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.81^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.58^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.55^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.55^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.55^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
LDG		0.32	0.68^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.81^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.35^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.29^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.30^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.06^ns ns non-significant	-0.22^ns ns non-significant	0.05^ns ns non-significant
SG			-0.12^ns ns non-significant	0.27^ns ns non-significant	0.43^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.52^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.22^ns ns non-significant	0.50^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.53^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.45^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
GAS				0.65^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.03^ns ns non-significant	-0.27^ns ns non-significant	-0.61^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.49^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.24^ns ns non-significant	-0.56^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
ARC					0.37^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.27^ns ns non-significant	-0.40^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.09^ns ns non-significant	-0.18^ns ns non-significant	0.02^ns ns non-significant
IFP						0.82	0.23^ns ns non-significant	0.29^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.52^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.44^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
ILP							0.45^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.61^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.70^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.74^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
HD								0.64^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	-0.25^ns ns non-significant	0.48^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
NPP									-0.67^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.	0.74^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.
M100G										-0.64^* * Significant by test t at 0.05 probability.

TRAIT	S.j	Value (%)
CYCLE	7,137.17	12.35
LDG	1,046.59	1.81
SG	592.70	1.02
GAS	1,661.44	2.87
ARC	960.13	1.66
IFP	1,688.71	2.92
ILP	3,090.96	5.35
HD	4,729.83	8.19
NPP	1,633.90	2.83
M100G	31,104.18	53.84
YELD	4,127.26	7.14

Group	Number	Cultivars
1	17	Paraná, BRS Campeiro, SCS 205 Riqueza, Mourinho Claro, Predominante 140, Folgado, Argentino, Pintadinho 114, Carioca, Rio Tibagi, Turrialba, Chumbinho, BRS Estilo, IPR Uirapuru, Trindade, Vagem Larga and Capixaba
2	9	Cavalo Claro Iraí, Iraí, Vermelho Rajado, Fogo da Serra 322, Azulão, Mouro, Banana, Amendoim Comprido and Manteigão
3	4	Verde 208, Milico, Inhoque and Mouro 128
4	2	Preguiçoso and Tubiano
5	3	Carioca Rosa, Quero Quero and Carioca Vila Nova
6	4	Rajado 319, Rosinha, Carioca Ibarama and Bege Ibarama
7	3	Vagem Roxa, Fepagro Triunfo and Guapo Brilhante
8	2	Guabiju Roxo and BRSMG Realce
9	2	IPR Juriti and Macanudo
10	1	Pérola
11	1	Mouro Graúdo Cinza
12	1	Vermelho Graúdo
		Means obtained in each group
Group	CYCLE	LDG	SG	GAS	ARC	IFP	ILP	HD	NPP	M100G	YIELD
1	98.10	6.31	3.59	6.29	5.81	16.73	39.63	5.33	10.96	26.29	1,707.23
2	84.09	5.93	3.06	6.91	5.80	13.27	27.26	4.61	7.74	37.03	1,057.67
3	81.75	6.25	3.00	7.33	5.75	11.46	24.08	4.34	6.75	31.44	1,040.88
4	94.42	6.25	3.00	7.08	5.42	13.10	29.41	5.05	7.17	42.75	933.08
5	99.89	7.33	3.89	7.39	6.50	19.51	43.33	4.72	10.57	25.24	1,643.31
6	90.46	6.71	3.63	6.71	6.13	16.43	35.50	4.45	10.73	22.32	1,462.49
7	97.11	4.39	3.56	5.11	4.56	14.14	37.08	6.10	12.41	24.76	1,892.91
8	92.50	6.42	3.42	7.33	5.92	15.49	30.78	5.07	7.34	34.34	799.38
9	93.25	6.92	3.50	6.42	6.17	13.85	38.87	5.85	15.32	26.15	1,882.78
10	103.00	6.00	2.83	6.50	6.00	17.36	43.10	5.25	8.50	29.11	1,506.79
11	83.33	6.00	3.33	6.17	6.00	15.34	32.60	4.47	5.72	43.63	1,503.40
12	89.83	5.00	2.50	5.83	4.67	12.54	25.02	5.64	9.10	45.67	1,184.14

TRAIT	Selection direction	Xo	Xs	h² %	GG	GG %
CYCLE	Highest value	92.67	95.73	93.78	2.87	3.10
LDG	Lowest value	6.20	5.00	76.19	-0.91	-14.75
SG	Lowest value	3.38	3.43	31.86	0.01	0.46
GAS	Lowest value	6.59	5.40	78.21	-0.93	-14.14
ARC	Lowest value	5.78	4.97	62.74	-0.51	-8.85
IFP	Highest value	15.19	14.61	87.47	-0.50	-3.32
ILP	Highest value	34.64	38.21	91.61	3.26	9.43
HD	Highest value	5.04	5.92	88.26	0.77	15.33
NPP	Highest value	9.75	12.65	85.04	2.46	25.27
M100G	Highest value	30.00	25.80	98.60	-4.14	-13.82
YIELD	Highest value	1,440.59	1,946.67	89.52	453.05	31.45
Total gain					445.43	30.16
	Selected genotypes
Cultivar	CYCLE	LDG	SG	GAS	ARC	IFP
Fepagro Triunfo	95.50	5.50	3.50	5.50	5.17	14.72
IPR Juriti	93.50	6.33	3.17	6.17	6.00	13.62
Guapo Brilhante	97.17	4.00	3.67	4.67	3.83	12.89
BRS Campeiro	93.83	5.50	3.33	5.50	5.17	17.04
Vagem Roxa	98.67	3.67	3.50	5.17	4.67	14.82

Cultivar	ILP	HD	NPP	M100G	YIELD
Fepagro Triunfo	38.55	6.63	13.53	25.78	1,918.62
IPR Juriti	40.22	6.09	15.18	27.76	2,189.25
Guapo Brilhante	33.33	5.64	12.91	24.67	2,090.54
BRS Campeiro	39.56	5.20	10.84	26.95	1,865.38
Vagem Roxa	39.38	6.03	10.78	23.83	1,669.57

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[1] Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Alexandre Holanda Sampaio - alexholandasampaio@gmail.com

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Genetic diversity among bean landraces and cultivars for agronomy traits and selection of superior parents1 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Diversidade genética entre variedades locais e cultivares de feijão para caracteres agronômicos e seleção de parentais superiores

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity among bean landraces and cultivars for agronomy traits and selection of superior parents¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)