Branches of <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> used as mulch for weed control in corn

Santos, Luiz Eduardo Barreto dos; Silva, Paulo Sérgio Lima e; Oliveira, Vianney Reinaldo de; Oliveira, Antonia Kennia de

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20200017

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Ciência Agronômica

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Scientifc Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 51 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200017 copy

Branches of Gliricidia sepium used as mulch for weed control in corn¹ 1 Parte da ddissertação do primeiro autor.apresentada na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; trabalho realizado com apoio do CNPq

Cobertura do solo com ramos de Gliricídia sepium no controle de plantas daninhas em milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Mulching using crop residue reduces the growth of weeds and increases the yield of various crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Gliricidia sepium branches, used as mulch, on weed control, and on grain yield in corn. A randomized block design was used, with split plots and five replications. The cultivars, 30F35H and AG 1051, were grown in the plots, and the following treatments applied in the subplots: no weeding, two weedings, and mulching with 10, 20 or 30 t ha^-1 (fresh weight) gliricidia branches. The mulch material was applied between the sowing furrows after sowing the corn. Increasing the amount of gliricidia branches caused a linear reduction in weed growth, and increased growth and yield in the corn. Weed growth was less with two weedings than with mulching. Corn yield when carrying out two weedings was equivalent to yields obtained using mulch. There was no difference between cultivars for weed growth nor for growth or grain yield of corn. Maximum growth and grain yield in corn are obtained with the application of 22.0 and 25.6 t ha^-1 gliricidia branches respectively, in both cultivars.

Key words:
Zea mays; Number of branches; Corn yield; Weed growth; Hoeings

Botanical name	Common name	Family	Occurrence index (%)
Adenocalymma marginatum	Cipó-vaqueiro	Bignoniaceae	42
Amaranthus viridis	Caruru	Amaranthaceae	40
Astraea lobata	Erva-de-rola	Euphorbiaceae	2
Blainvillea dichotoma	Picão	Asteraceae	4
Borreria verticillata	Vassourinha	Rubiaceae	24
Cenchrus echinatus	Capim carrapicho	Poaceae	94
Commelina benghalensis	Trapoeraba	Commelinaceae	2
Cucumis anguria	Maxixe	Cucurbitaceae	18
Dactyloctenium aegyptium	Capim-pé-galinha	Poaceae	28
Desmodium glabrum	Rapadura de cavalo	Leguminosae	2
Digitaria sp.	Capim-colchão	Gramineae	76
Eragrostis sp.	Barba-de-bode	Poaceae	2
Euphorbia asarifolia	Salsa-brava	Euphorbiaceae	18
Herissantia crispa	Malva branca	Malvaceae	12
Ipomoea bahiensis	Jitirana	Convolvulaceae	16
Jacquemontia sp.	Amarra-cachorro	Convolvulaceae	10
Neojobertia candolleana	Cipó-de-Jacu	Bignomiaceae	8
Panicum maximum	Capim Tanzânia	Poaceae	4
Physalis angulata	Camapum	Solanaceae	2
Solanum agrarium	Baba	Solanaceae	2
Turnera subulata	Flor-do-Guarujá	Turneraceae	4

Source of variation	DF	Weed material (kg ha^-1)	Height (corn)		Shoot material after harvesting the corn (kg ha^-1)
		Weed material (kg ha^-1)	Plant	Ear insertion	Fresh	Dry
		Mean square
Blocks	4	3490 ^ns	194 ^ns	207 ^ns	3139137 ^ns	170404 ^ns
Cultivars (C)	1	899 ^ns	959 ^ns	3495 **	63799808 *	1167086 ^ns
Residual (a)	4	3664	198	60	5226047	623750
Control (P)	4	66451 **	511 *	262 *	28274613 **	2682229**
C x P	4	2899 ^ns	66 ^ns	67 ^ns	15121317 **	939250 ^ns
Residual (b)	32	2533	145	68	2941302	483899
Overall mean		182	190	103	8812	3699

Weed control	Weed dry matter (g m^-2)	Height (corn) (cm)		Shoot material (corn) (kg ha^-1)
	Weed dry matter (g m^-2)	Plant	Ear insertion	Fresh		Dry
	Cultivar	Cultivar	Cultivar	Cultivar		Cultivar
	Both	Both	Both	30F35H	AG 1051	Both
Double weeding	41	193	104	11602	6676	3995
Mulch of gliricidia branches (t ha^-1)
0	246 *	179 ^ns	95 ^ns	6294*	5651*	2788 *
10	223 *	189 ^ns	104 ^ns	8774*	9523*	3765 ^ns
20	210 *	194 ^ns	106 ^ns	10284	8371*	4001 ^ns
30	189 *	197 ^ns	108 ^ns	12754	8193*	3945 ^ns
Cultivar
30F35H	178 A	195 A	95 B	-	-	3852 A
AG 1051	186 A	186 A	111 A	-	-	3546 A
CV_plots	33.3	7.4	7.5	25.9	21.4
CV_subplots	27.7	6.3	8.0	19.5	18.8
Regression Analysis: characteristics (y) per amount of mulch (x, t ha^-1)
Characteristic			Cultivar	Equation		R²
Shoot dry matter (weeds)			Both	$y = 244.8 - 1.8 x$		0.99
Plant height (corn)			Both	$y = 178.8 + 3.3 x^{0.5}$		0.99
Ear-insertion height (corn)			Both	$y = 95.4 + 2.4 x^{0.5}$		0.99
Shoot fresh matter (corn)			30F35H	$y = 6393 + 208.9 x$		0.99
Shoot fresh matter (corn)			AG 1051	$y = 10025.5 - 66.5 x - 4374.6 e^{- x}$		0.98
Shoot dry matter (corn)			Both	$y = 2810.4 + 114.5 x - 2.6 x^{2}$		0.99

Source of variation	DF	Number of ears ha^-1	Number of grains ear^-1	100-grain weight	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
Source of variation	DF	Mean square
Blocks	4	30152466 ^ns	2741 ^ns	16.6 ^ns	3280837 ^ns
Cultivars (C)	1	175125613 *	72124 *	1.1 ^ns	31531329 ^ns
Residual (a)	4	11271128	3760	5.1	4590725
Control (P)	4	34634586 *	17805 **	1.1 ^ns	8191679 **
C x P	4	40495207 **	910 ^ns	2.2 ^ns	727246 ^ns
Residual (b)	32	9214221	1709	6.0	1295877
Overall mean		46619	524	33.4	7670

Weed control	Total number of dry ears		Number of grains per ear	100-grain weight (g)	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
	Cultivar		Cultivar
	30F35H	AG 1051		Both
Double weeding	46107	48446	550	33.57	8586
Mulch of gliricidia branches (t ha^-1)
0	45513	41523 *	460 *	33.61^ns	6283 *
10	50000 *	46154	514 ^ns	32.90 ^ns	7285 ^ns
20	50000 *	41846 *	525 ^ns	33.72 ^ns	8105 ^ns
30	50833 *	45769 *	572 ^ns	33.27 ^ns	8092 ^ns
Cultivar² 2 Mean values followed by the same letter do not differ at 5% probability by F-test.
30F35H	-	-	562 a	33.26 a	8464 a
AG 1051	-	-	486 b	33.56 a	6876 a
CV_plots	7.2	11.7	6,7	27.9
CV_subplots	6.5	7.9	7,3	14.8
Regression Analysis: characteristics (y) per amount of mulch (x, t ha^-1)³ 3 The parameters of each equation are significant at 5% probability by t-test
Characteristic		Cultivar	Equation		R²
Total number of mature ears		30F35H	$y = 50277.7 - 4764.8 e^{- x}$		0.97
Total number of mature ears		AG 1051	$y = 43823$		-
Number of grains per ear		Both	$y = 215454.1 + 3592.5 x$		0.95
100-grain weight		Both	$y = 33.63$		-
Grain yield		Both	$y = 6262.6 + 113 x - 0.1 x$		0.99

Amount of gliricidia branches (t ha^-1, x)	Cultivar	Corn characteristic	Maximum (y)
30.0	Both	Plant height	197
30.0	Both	Ear insertion height	109
30.0	30F35H	Shoot fresh weight	12660
4.2	AG 1051	Shoot fresh weight	9861
22.0	Both	Shoot dry weight	4080
30.0	30F35H	Total number of mature ears	50278
	AG 1051	Total number of mature ears	-
30.0	Both	Number of grains per ear	569
-	Both	100-grain weight	-
25.6	Both	Grain yield	8193

Universidade Federal do Ceará Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 487, Campus do Pici, 60356-000 - Fortaleza - CE - Brasil, Tel.: (55 85) 3366-9702 / 3366-9732, Fax: (55 85) 3366-9417 - Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
E-mail: ccarev@ufc.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Author for correspondence

Brasil

Brasil

Branches of Gliricidia sepium used as mulch for weed control in corn1 1 Parte da ddissertação do primeiro autor.apresentada na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; trabalho realizado com apoio do CNPq

Cobertura do solo com ramos de Gliricídia sepium no controle de plantas daninhas em milho

ABSTRACT

Branches of Gliricidia sepium used as mulch for weed control in corn¹ 1 Parte da ddissertação do primeiro autor.apresentada na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; trabalho realizado com apoio do CNPq