Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality

Cruz, Carlos Eduardo Braga; Freitas, Ednardo Rodrigues; Aguiar, Germana Costa; Braz, Nádia de Melo; Trevisan, Maria Tereza Salles

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20190039

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Animal Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 50 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190039 copy

Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado em Zootecnia do primeiro autor, apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Anacardato de cálcio na alimentação de frangos de corte: efeitos no crescimento e qualidade óssea

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of adding calcium anacardate (ACa) as a source of anacardic acid to the diet of broiler chickens on the growth, quality and bone composition of the femur and tibia of the birds. A total of 840 male chicks, one day old, were kept in a completely randomised experimental design, with six treatments and seven replications of 20 birds. The following treatments were applied: a diet without the addition of growth promoter (GP), a diet with added GP and other diets with no GP and the addition of ACa at levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%. The variables under analysis were the weight, length, diameter, Seedor index, and the resistance and deformity of the left femur and tibia of the birds. For bone composition, the dry matter and mineral matter of the right femur and tibia of the chickens were analysed. There were no significant differences between treatments in the growth, quality or composition of the femur or tibia of the birds, showing that the use of calcium anacardate as a source of anacardic acid does not affect bone deposition in broiler chickens up to 42 days of age.

Key words:
Organic acid; Bone development; Femur; Tibia

Ingredient	NC	PC	% Calcium anacardate
Ingredient	NC	PC	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Maize	55.83	55.83	55.83	55.83	55.83	55.83
Soybean meal	36.05	36.05	36.05	36.05	36.05	36.05
Soybean oil	3.10	3.10	3.10	3.10	3.10	3.10
Dicalcium phosphate	1.90	1.90	1.90	1.90	1.90	1.90
Limestone	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Inert	1.00	0.91	0.75	0.50	0.25	-
DL-Methionine	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
L-Lysine HCl	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.29
Vitamin + mineral sup.¹ 1 Vitamin/mineral supplement (composition per kg of product): vit. A - 5,500,000 IU; vit. B1 - 500 mg; vit. B12 - 7,500 mcg; vit. B2 - 2,02 mg; vit. B6 - 750 mg; vit D3 - 1,000,000 IU; vit. E - 6,500 IU; vit. K3 - 1,250 mg; biotin - 25 mg; niacine -17.5 g; folic acid - 251 mg; pantothenic acid - 6,030 mg; cobalt - 50 mg; Copper - 3,000 mg; Iron - 25 g; Iodine - 500 mg; Manganese - 32.5 g; Selenium - 100.50 mg; Zinc - 22.49 g;	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Choline	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Common salt	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45
Calcium anacardate	-	-	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Nicarbazin	-	0.004	-	-	-	-
Monteban	-	0.040	-	-	-	-
BMD11%² 2 Bacitracin methylene disalicylate 11%	-	0.046	-	-	-	-
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated energetic and nutritional composition
Metab. Energy (kcal/kg)	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000	3.000
Crude protein (%)	21.16	21.16	21.16	21.16	21.16	21.16
Dry matter (%)	88.80	88.80	88.80	88.80	88.80	88.80
NDF (%)	11.63	11.63	11.63	11.63	11.63	11.63
ADF (%)	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80
Calcium (%)	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89
Avail. phosphorous (%)	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46
Sodium (%)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Chlorine (%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Total lysine (%)	1.36	1.36	1.36	1.36	1.36	1.36
Total methionine (%)	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.60
Total meth.+cystine (%)	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.94	0.94
Total threonine (%)	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82
Total tryptophan (%)	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.26

Ingredient	NC	PC	% Calcium anacardate
Ingredient	NC	PC	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Maize	60.90	60.90	60.90	60.90	60.90	60.90
Soybean meal	30.93	30.93	30.93	30.93	30.93	30.93
Soybean oil	3.67	3.67	3.67	3.67	3.67	3.67
Dicalcium phosphate	1.66	1.66	1.66	1.66	1.66	1.66
Limestone	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.76	0.76
Inert	1.00	0.90	0.75	0.50	0.25	-
DL-Methionine	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
L-Lysine HCl	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
Vitamin + mineral sup.¹ 1 Vitamin/mineral supplement (composition per kg of product): vit. A - 5,500,000 IU; vit. B1 - 500 mg; vit. B12 - 7,500 mcg; vit. B2 - 2,02 mg; vit. B6 - 750 mg; vit D3 - 1,000,000 IU; vit. E - 6,500 IU; vit. K3 - 1,250 mg; biotin - 25 mg; niacine -17.5 g; folic acid - 251 mg; pantothenic acid - 6,030 mg; cobalt - 50 mg; Copper - 3,000 mg; Iron - 25 g; Iodine - 500 mg; Manganese - 32.5 g; Selenium - 100.50 mg; Zinc - 22.49 g;	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
Choline	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Common salt	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41
Calcium anacardate	-	-	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Salinomycin	-	0.05	-	-	-	-
BMD11%² 2 Bacitracin methylene disalicylate 11%	-	0.05	-	-	-	-
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated energetic and nutritional composition
Metab. Energy (kcal/kg)	3.100	3.100	3.100	3.100	3.100	3.100
Crude protein (%)	19.15	19.15	19.15	19.15	19.15	19.15
Dry matter (%)	88.75	88.75	88.75	88.75	88.75	88.75
NDF (%)	11.53	11.53	11.53	11.53	11.53	11.53
ADF (%)	4.55	4.55	4.55	4.55	4.55	4.55
Calcium (%)	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
Avail. phosphorous (%)	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41
Sodium (%)	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18
Chlorine (%)	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Total lysine (%)	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.18	1.18
Total methionine (%)	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52	0.52
Total meth.+cystine (%)	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Total threonine (%)	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
Total tryptophan (%)	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23

Ingredient	NC	PC	% Calcium anacardate
Ingredient	NC	PC	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Maize	62.75	62.75	62.75	62.75	62.75	62.75
Soybean meal	28.03	28.03	28.03	28.03	28.03	28.03
Soybean oil	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80	4.80
Dicalcium phosphate	1.57	1.57	1.57	1.57	1.57	1.57
Limestone	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74
Inert	1.00	1.00	0.75	0.50	0.25	-
DL-Methionine	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
L-Lysine HCl	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Vitamin + mineral sup.¹ 1 Vitamin/mineral supplement (composition per kg of product): vit. A - 5,500,000 IU; vit. B1 - 500 mg; vit. B12 - 7,500 mcg; vit. B2 - 2,02 mg; vit. B6 - 750 mg; vit D3 - 1,000,000 IU; vit. E - 6,500 IU; vit. K3 - 1,250 mg; biotin - 25 mg; niacine -17.5 g; folic acid - 251 mg; pantothenic acid - 6,030 mg; cobalt - 50 mg; Copper - 3,000 mg; Iron - 25 g; Iodine - 500 mg; Manganese - 32.5 g; Selenium - 100.50 mg; Zinc - 22.49 g	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Choline	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Common salt	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.41
Calcium anacardate	-	-	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated energetic and nutritional composition
Metab. Energy (kcal/kg)	3.200	3.200	3.200	3.200	3.200	3.200
Crude protein (%)	18.32	18.32	18.32	18.32	18.32	18.32
Dry matter (%)	88.55	88.55	88.55	88.55	88.55	88.55
NDF (%)	11.26	11.26	11.26	11.26	11.26	11.26
ADF (%)	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51
Calcium (%)	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78
Avail. phosphorous (%)	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39
Sodium (%)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Chlorine (%)	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Total lysine (%)	1.16	1.16	1.16	1.16	1.16	1.16
Total methionine (%)	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Total meth.+cystine (%)	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Total threonine (%)	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70	0.70
Total tryptophan (%)	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22

Treatment	Femur
Treatment	Weight (g)	Length (mm)	Diameter (mm)	SI (mg/mm)	BR (kgf/cm²)	Def (mm)
NC	9.25	73.88	9.89	124.76	15.21	0.57
PC	9.12	75.57	9.80	120.58	16.32	0.58
0.25% ACa	9.00	74.51	9.80	120.69	13.63	0.53
0.50% ACa	9.69	75.78	9.91	127.81	17.94	0.50
0.75% ACa	9.38	75.59	9.98	124.53	14.64	0.51
1.00% ACa	9.51	75.94	9.75	125.13	14.28	0.50
ANOVA	p-value
Treatments	0.2987	0.2864	0.8760	0.2643	0.1627	0.0758
Regression	p-value
Linear	0.2626	0.0852	0.9816	0.4233	0.9245	0.4934
Quadratic	0.2399	0.3607	0.2989	0.2571	0.0989	0.8062
CV(%)	6.30	2.49	3.67	5.10	20.45	12.18
	Tibia
NC	11.92	97.83	7.67	121.49	14.06	0.61
PC	12.04	100.21	7.69	119.99	14.40	0.65
0.25% ACa	11.59	98.74	7.70	117.31	15.98	0.62
0.50% ACa	12.63	100.38	7.87	125.45	15.28	0.60
0.75% ACa	12.20	100.20	7.93	122.07	15.16	0.62
1.00% ACa	12.42	99.68	7.96	124.62	16.16	0.64
ANOVA	p-valor
Treatments	0.3233	0.3232	0.7132	0.2912	0.8405	0.8198
Regression	p-valor
Linear	0.2015	0.3520	0.2897	0.1898	0.9913	0.5616
Quadratic	0.2393	0.1322	0.6851	0.3468	0.5475	0.3349
CV(%)	7.15	2.45	5.53	5.58	21.89	10.03

Treatment	Femur		Tibia
Treatment	DM (%)	MM (%)	DM (%)	MM (%)
NC	53.77	38.42	54.61	40.00
PC	54.05	38.12	55.46	40.15
0.25% ACa	54.91	39.50	55.62	41.44
0.50% ACa	56.38	38.42	55.59	39.88
0.75% ACa	54.13	39.39	54.38	41.09
1.00% ACa	54.18	39.42	54.75	41.41
ANOVA	p-value
Treatments	0.1574	0.1839	0.4256	0.0953
Regression	p-value
Linear	0.2409	0.8119	0.1210	0.7437
Quadratic	0.3377	0.2890	0.7630	0.0690
CV(%)	3.54	3.28	2.59	3.20

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Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality1 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado em Zootecnia do primeiro autor, apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC

Anacardato de cálcio na alimentação de frangos de corte: efeitos no crescimento e qualidade óssea

ABSTRACT

Calcium anacardate in the diet of broiler chickens: the effects on growth and bone quality¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado em Zootecnia do primeiro autor, apresentada na Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC