Organic matter fractions of soil aggregates under agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil<sup/>

Figure 1
Residual particulate organic carbon (POCres) content of biogenic and physiogenic aggregates in agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil. (A and B) 0-0.05 m layer; and (C and D) 0.05-0.10 m layer. For mean values followed by the same lowercase letter, the systems do not differ for the same type of aggregate. For the same uppercase letter, the types of aggregates do not differ for the same evaluated system. AgF - Agroforestry System; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CShad - Coffee shaded by Gliricidia; FLE - Alleys of Flemingia and beans; and NT - No-till with maize and eggplant. (ANOVA + Tukey's test with no data transformations; ANOVA + Tukey's test with data transformations; and the Kruskal-Wallis test + Fisher's least significant difference)

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Figure 2
Principal component analysis considering the SOM fractions of biogenic and physiogenic aggregates in the 0-0.05 m layer of the agroecological production systems. (A) Mean values of the evaluated systems; and (B) Mean values of the types of aggregate. AgF - Agroforestry System; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee shaded by Gliricidia; FLE - Alleys of Flemingia and beans; and NT - No-till with maize and eggplant; LOM - Light organic matter in water; FLF - Free light fraction; ILF - Intra-aggregate light fraction; C-LOM - Light organic matter carbon in water; C-FLF - Free light fraction carbon; CILF - Intra-aggregate light fraction carbon; POCres - Residual particulate organic carbon; PorcC-FLF - Proportion free light fraction carbon; PorcCILF -Proportion of intra-aggregate light fraction carbon; and PorcPOCres - Proportion of residual particulate organic carbon

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Figure 3
Principal component analysis considering the SOM fractions of biogenic and physiogenic aggregates in the 0.05-0.10 m layer of the agroecological production systems. (A) Mean values of the evaluated systems; and (B) Mean values of the types of aggregate. AgF - Agroforestry System; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee shaded by Gliricidia; FLE - Alleys of Flemingia and beans; and NT - No-till with maize and eggplant; LOM - Light organic matter in water; FLF - Free light fraction; ILF - Intra-aggregate light fraction; C-LOM - Light organic matter carbon in water; C-FLF - Free light fraction carbon; CILF - Intra-aggregate light fraction carbon; POCres - Residual particulate organic carbon; PorcC-FLF - Proportion free light fraction carbon; PorcCILF -Proportion of intra-aggregate light fraction carbon; and PorcPOCres - Proportion of residual particulate organic carbon

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Figure 4
Hierarchical cluster analysis considering the SOM fractions of biogenic (Biog) and physiogenic (Physic) aggregates in agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil. (A) 0-0.05 m layer; and (B) 0.05-0.10 m layer. AgF - Agroforestry System; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee shaded by Gliricidia; FLE - Alleys of Flemingia and beans; and NT - No-till with maize and eggplant

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Table 1
Chemical characterisation of biogenic and physiogenic aggregates in the 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m layers of the agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil

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Table 2
Values for the mass of light organic matter in water (LOM), free light fraction (FLF) and intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) of biogenic (Biog) and physiogenic (Physic) aggregates in the in 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m layers of the agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil

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Table 3
Carbon content of the light organic matter in water (C-LOM), free light fraction (C-FLF) and intra-aggregate light fraction (CILF) of biogenic (Biog) and physiogenic (Physic) aggregates in the 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m layers of the agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil

System	pH	COT	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al	S	T	K⁺	P
	H₂O	g kg^-1	cmol_c dm^-3						mg dm^-3
	0-0.05 m Biogenic
AgF	5.9	24.6	3.0	2.0	0.0	2.4	5.3	7.7	125	42
CSun	6.0	30.7	3.1	3.6	0.0	2.1	7.4	9.5	285	35
CSha	6.0	33.7	2.8	2.7	0.0	1.7	5.6	7.3	64	25
FLE	5.3	22.0	1.6	1.2	0.0	1.5	2.9	4.4	44	35
NT	6.4	15.7	1.6	1.0	0.0	0.5	2.8	3.2	56	44
	Physiogenic
AgF	5.9	24.5	2.6	2.8	0.0	2.4	4.7	7.0	106	36
CSun	6.2	22.7	3.5	2.3	0.0	1.8	6.4	8.1	234	46
CSha	6.0	29.7	2.5	2.2	0.0	1.3	4.8	6.1	54	27
FLE	5.3	17.8	1.5	0.9	0.0	1.5	2.5	4.0	33	36
NT	6.4	13.9	1.5	1.1	0.0	0.4	2.7	3.2	54	39
	0.05-0.10 m Biogenic
AgF	6.0	21.4	2.4	1.6	0.1	2.4	5.3	7.6	481	12
CSun	6.3	29.5	2.2	2.4	0.1	2.0	5.6	7.6	360	08
CSha	6.1	21.5	2.1	2.2	0.1	1.7	4.7	6.4	143	04
FLE	5.6	15.6	1.5	1.0	0.1	2.1	2.7	4.8	75	09
NT	6.5	14.7	1.4	1.2	0.1	1.0	3.2	4.2	190	03
	Physiogenic
AgF	5.9	17.9	2.1	1.8	0.1	1.8	3.9	7.4	653	11
CSun	6.3	24.8	2.2	2.4	0.1	1.8	3.1	7.2	310	06
CSha	5.9	16.7	2.0	2.3	0.1	1.7	2.5	6.7	137	03
FLE	5.4	14.2	1.5	0.9	0.1	1.5	1.7	4.2	73	09
NT	6.5	12.0	1.2	1.4	0.1	0.8	1.8	4.1	162	03

System	------------------------------------ 0-0.05 m---------------------------------------
	--------- LOM (g kg^-1) -----			---- FLF (g kg^-1) ------			-- ILF (g kg^-1) ----
	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁
AgF	2.61	1.69	2.15 cd	4.04	3.69	3.86 b	1.43	1.21	1.31 c
CSun	24.15	14.68	19.41 a	10.44	7.64	9.03 a	4.55	3.30	3.93 a
CSha	11.04	6.21	8.62 b	3.06	3.78	3.42 b	1.60	1.24	1.42 bc
FLE	2.84	2.62	2.73 c	5.28	4.57	4.92 b	2.43	2.18	2.30 b
NT	1.44	1.00	1.22 d	4.00	3.50	3.75 b	1.62	1.49	1.55 bc
$\bar{X}$ ₂	8.42 A	5.24 B		5.36 A	4.64 A		2.32 A	1.88 B
CV (%)	91.67			36.89			29.94
	------------------------- 0.05-0.10 m----------------------------------------------
	--- LOM (g kg^-1) ----			- FLF (g kg^-1) -			-- ILF (g kg^-1) ---
	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁
AgF	1.52 bA	2.19 bA	1.85	2.85	3.51	3.18 ab	1.97	1.31	1.64 b
CSun	20.91 aA	10.30 aB	15.61	6.20	4.90	5.55 a	2.54	2.60	2.57 a
CSha	4.07 bA	4.58 abA	4.32	6.10	3.00	4.55 ab	1.88	1.36	1.62 b
FLE	2.27 bA	2.98 bA	2.62	3.97	3.43	3.70 ab	2.30	2.37	2.33 a
NT	1.92 bA	1.43 bA	1.67	3.18	2.59	2.89 b	2.09	2.30	2.20 ab
$\bar{X}$ ₂	6.14	4.30		4.46 A	3.49 A		2.16 A	2.00 A
CV (%)	46.15			44.46			38.17

System	--------------------------------- 0-0.05 m-------------------------------------------------
	--- CLOM (g kg^-1) ------			---- CFLF (g kg^-1) ------			----- CILF (g kg^-1) ------
	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁
AgF	0.74	0.29	0.51 b	0.68	0.59	0.63 b	0.33 bcA	0.35 bA	0.34
CSun	3.68	3.21	3.44 a	2.08	1.77	1.93 a	0.88 aA	0.60 aB	0.74
CSha	1.55	0.93	1.24 b	0.58	0.76	0.67 b	0.31 cA	0.39 bA	0.35
FLE	0.66	0.25	0.45 b	0.83	0.62	0.73 b	0.52 bA	0.38 bB	0.45
NT	0.27	0.17	0.22 b	0.61	0.51	0.56 b	0.33 bcA	0.29 bA	0.31
$\bar{X}$ ₂	1.38 A	0.97 A		0.96 A	0.85 A		0.47	0.40
CV (%)	100.20			42.93			23.39
	-------------------------------- 0.05-0.10 m ---------------------------------------------
	---- CLOM (g kg^-1) -----			---- CFLF (g kg^-1) ------			----- CILF (g kg^-1) ------
	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁	Biog	Physic	$\bar{X}$ ₁
AgF	0.20 bA	0.28 bA	0.24	0.49	0.47	0.48 b	0.32 bA	0.29 aA	0.30
CSun	2.18 aA	1.09 aB	1.63	1.43	0.82	1.13 a	0.50 bA	0.43 aA	0.46
CSha	0.62 bA	0.50 bA	0.56	1.06	0.57	0.81 ab	1.34 aA	0.42 aB	0.88
FLE	0.31 bA	0.35 bA	0.33	0.56	0.56	0.56 b	0.36 bA	0.35 aA	0.35
NT	0.22 bA	0.19 bA	0.21	0.48	0.43	0.46 b	0.39 bA	0.38 aA	0.38
$\bar{X}$ ₂	0.71	0.48		0.80 A	0.57 A		0.58	0.37
CV (%)	41.94			55.04			74.30

[1] *Author for correspondence

Brasil

Brasil

Organic matter fractions of soil aggregates under agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil¹ 1 Post doctorate project

ABSTRACT

Brasil

Brasil

Organic matter fractions of soil aggregates under agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil1 1 Post doctorate project

ABSTRACT

Organic matter fractions of soil aggregates under agroecological production systems in the southeast of Brazil¹ 1 Post doctorate project