Effect of hydraulic and solid ballast on agricultural tractor performance<sup/>

Zimmermann, Gabriel Ganancini; Savi, Daniel; Auler, André Carlos; Strapasson Neto, Lauro; Jasper, Samir Paulo

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220059

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220059 copy

Effect of hydraulic and solid ballast on agricultural tractor performance¹ 1 Part of the research carried out at the Laboratory of Adaptation of Agricultural Tractors, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

Efeito da lastragem hidráulica e sólida no desempenho de trator agrícola

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The efficiency of the agricultural tractor can be increased with its assertive operational adequacy, ballasting being one of the fundamental factors for obtaining good performance levels, as it is closely related to energy and operational performance. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of hydraulic and solid ballast, under different fractions, on the performance of the agricultural tractor. The banded experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with the treatments consisting of the five configurations of base mass (B0), B0 + 40% hydraulic (HB 40%), B0 + 40% solid (SB 40%), B0 + 75% hydraulic (HB 75%) and B0 + 75% solid (SB 75%), and four target speeds, with five repetitions, totaling 100 experimental units. To determine the efficiency of the tractor, 4 x 2 AFWD with a rated power of 125.2 kW, the parameters of wheel slip, engine rotation, hourly and specific fuel consumption, power, power, and efficiency in the drawbar, operating speed and thermal efficiency of the engine were monitored. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance/ when significant, submitted to the Tukey test and regression analysis. The obtained results verified that using the hydraulic ballast in the fraction of 75% presented superiority in the energetic and operational performance, highlighting the engine rotation, force in the drawbar, operational speed, and specific fuel consumption. The increase in operational speed can provide gains in energy and operational efficiency; however, it can generate overload on the engine in some ballast configurations.

Key words:
Agricultural suitability; Fuel consumption; Engine thermal efficiency; Ballast

Ballast	Solid ballast (kg)		Hydraulic ballast (%)		Total mass (kg)		Total mass Σ (Kg) ^* * Mass distribution between axles according to Schlosser et al. (2020)	Mass ratio/Power (kg cv^-1)
Ballast	F	R	F	R	F	R		Mass ratio/Power (kg cv^-1)
0%	630	650	-	-	2.897	4.471	7.368	43.34
40% HB	630	650	40.0	40.0	3.230	5.068	8.576	50.45
40% SB	990	910	-	-	3.416	5.220	8.636	50.80
75% HB	630	650	75.0	75.0	3.965	5.659	9.624	56.61
75% SB	1800	1560	-	-	3.969	5.565	9.534	56.08

Analyzes	Evaluated variables
Analyzes	SLI (%)	ER (RPM)	OS (km h^-1)	DBF (kN)
Normality
Asymmetry	0.02	-1.00	0.52	-1.32
Kurtosis	-0.41	-0.61	-0.17	0.94
F-test
Ballasting (B)	90.21^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	86.25^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	116.17^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	66.83^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
Speed (S)	18.77^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	471.92^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	493.04^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	108.66^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
B x S	13.12^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	52.54^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	60.62^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)	79.21^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test (p < 0.05)
CV (%)
Ballasting (B)	5.08	2.54	3.31	1.74
Speed (S)	10.54	3.59	4.39	2.63
B x S	7.04	2.53	3.32	2.07
Means Test - L
B0	8.93 A	1.764 B	5.65 B	43.25 A
HB 40%	7.68 C	1.715 CB	5.51 CB	42.38 B
SB 40%	8.28 B	1.605 D	4.98 D	39.94 D
HB 75%	7.95 B	1.887 A	6.35 A	43.30 A
SB 75%	6.25 D	1.704 C	5.43 C	40.88 C

Analysis	Evaluated variables
Analysis	DBP (kW)	DBY (%)	HFC (L h^-1)	SFC (g kW h^-1)	ETE (%)
Normality
Asymmetry	0.42	0.42	0.25	-0.52	1.28
Kurtosis	-1.04	-1.04	-0.98	-0.61	0.95
F-test
Ballasting (B)	198.25^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	198.27^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	2.91^NS	19.17^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	24.77^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
Speed (S)	411.57^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	411.48^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	125.57^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	57.41^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	74.91^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
B x S	102.47^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	102.46^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	11.38^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	14.15^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)	16.04^ (p < 0.01). CV: Coefficient of variation. In each column, for each factor, means followed by the same capital letter do not differ from each other by the “Tukey test” (p < 0.05)
CV (%)
Ballasting (B)	3.41	3.41	9.19	8.37	8.70
Speed (S)	4.46	4.46	6.64	8.52	8.94
B x S	3.69	3.69	7.43	7.70	9.10
Means Test - L
B0	67.99 B	50.79 B	23.37	300 C	29.27 A
HB 40%	64.62 C	48.27 C	22.54	309 BC	30.25 A
SB 40%	54.75 D	40.90 D	23.52	363 A	23.56 B
HB 75%	76.05 A	56.81 A	25.06	293 C	30.26 A
SB 75%	62.12 C	46.40 C	24.05	339 AB	28.78 B

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Effect of hydraulic and solid ballast on agricultural tractor performance1 1 Part of the research carried out at the Laboratory of Adaptation of Agricultural Tractors, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)

Efeito da lastragem hidráulica e sólida no desempenho de trator agrícola

ABSTRACT

Effect of hydraulic and solid ballast on agricultural tractor performance¹ 1 Part of the research carried out at the Laboratory of Adaptation of Agricultural Tractors, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)