Enxofre disponível por diferentes extratores em solos do estado do Ceará, Brasil

Uchôa, Sandra Catia Pereira; Hernández, Fernando Felipe Ferreyra; Melo, Valdinar Ferreira; Silva, Deyse Cristina Oliveira da; Silva, Armando José da; Carvalho, Laís de Brito

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Ciência Agronômica

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 52 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20210071 copiar

Enxofre disponível por diferentes extratores em solos do estado do Ceará, Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Apesar da relevância do enxofre (S) para o desenvolvimento das plantas, estudos sobre sua disponibilidade no solo são restritos à algumas culturas e regiões do Brasil. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar extratores para avaliar a disponibilidade de S e estabelecer níveis críticos em solos do estado do Ceará. Em laboratório foi extraído o S disponível de 23 solos (0 - 0,20 m), empregando-se dois extratores: soluções de Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, 500 mg L^-1 de P, em H₂O (MCP) e NH₄OAc em HOAc (AMA). Em experimento instalado em casa de vegetação foi usado, como planta indicadora, o sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum vulgari Pers.), cultivar EA116, em dois cultivos sucessivos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (23 x 2), com três repetições. Os termos do fatorial corresponderam aos solos e doses de S (0 e 80 mg por unidade experimental). O MCP apresentou maior eficiência de extração de S disponível que o AMA, embora o teor de S obtido por ambos tenha apresentado correlação significativa (r = 0,96). O S disponível por MCP apresentou melhor correlação com incremento de produção e S absorvido, sugerindo ser o mais indicado. Os níveis críticos de S foram de 3,90 e 3,40 mg dm^-3 para MCP e AMA, respectivamente.

Keywords:
Extraction methods; Critical level; Leaf S content

^1/ 1/ 1 and 2 - CXbe - Eutrophic Tb Haplic Cambisol; 3 and 8 - RRe - Eutrophic Regolithic Neosol; 4, 6, 13, 17 and 18 - PVAd - Dystrophic Red-Yellow Ultisol; 5 - RLd - Eutrophic Litholic Neosol; 7 and 12- SXe - Haplic Planosol; 10, 11 and 14 - PVAe - Eutrophic Red-Yellow Argisol; 15, 16 and 21 - RQo - Dystrophic Quartzarenic Neosol; 19, 20 and 23 - LVAd - Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol; 9 and 22 - RL - Litholic Neosol. Soil	^2/ 2/ pH in H2O (1:2.5); pH	^3/ 3/ EC - Electrical conductivity in dS m-1- determined in the saturation extract and measured with a soilbridge salt bridge; EC	^4/ 4/ KCl 1 mol L Ca⁺Mg	^5/ 5/ Mehlich-1 extractant, with Na and K determined by flame photometry, and P determined by colorimetry; Na	^5/ 5/ Mehlich-1 extractant, with Na and K determined by flame photometry, and P determined by colorimetry; K	^6/ 6/ 0.5 mol L-1 Ca(OAc)2 extractant, pH 7.0; H⁺Al	^7/ 7/ Ex - Cation exchange capacity; Ex	^8/ 8/ V - Base saturation (%); V	^9/ 9/ Total nitrogen, Kjedahl method; N	^10/ 10/ OM - Organic matter, Walkley-Black method; OM	^11/ 11/ Sand and Clay - pipette method; Snd	Slt	Ds	P
		dS m^-1 -1 extractant in cmolc dm-3;	^{______________} (cmol_c dm^-3)^{__________________}					^{__________________} (%)^{__________________}					g cm^-3	mg dm^-3
1	6.0	0.32	6.7	0.14	0.69	2.3	9.8	76	0.08	1.4	33	42	1.14	1.0
2	6.3	0.35	5.2	0.14	0.39	1.8	7.5	76	0.12	1.5	53	27	1.26	1.0
3	6.5	0.34	11.2	0.22	0.16	1.8	13.4	86	0.05	0.7	46	13	1.40	73.0
4	5.3	0.30	---	0.13	0.16	1.7	2.0	14	0.04	0.8	63	2	1.66	3.0
5	5.7	0.69	7.0	0.43	0.26	3.9	11.6	66	0.17	3.1	43	12	1.13	24.0
6	4.7	0.35	---	0.11	0.05	1.5	1.7	9	0.02	0.4	87	2	1.74	1.0
7	5.3	0.32	3.2	0.21	0.37	1.8	5.8	68	0.04	0.7	72	11	1.49	1.0
8	5.0	0.31	8.5	0.43	0.15	4.0	13.1	69	0.04	0.8	21	28	1.21	2.0
9	5.7	0.37	3.7	0.15	0.30	3.0	7.2	58	0.09	1.7	71	11	1.31	25.0
10	5.0	0.33	3.3	0.18	0.22	3.8	7.5	50	0.07	1.5	68	9	1.41	8.0
11	5.2	0.24	---	0.12	0.15	2.0	2.3	11	0.03	0.7	87	3	1.53	5.0
12	5.4	0.92	4.3	0.30	0.57	3.5	8.7	60	0.14	2.5	58	17	1.23	14.0
13	4.5	0.47	1.0	0.16	0.26	5.8	7.4	21	0.12	2.8	59	17	1.23	7.0
14	5.5	0.74	5.9	0.16	0.40	4.0	9.9	60	0.19	3.5	63	15	1.17	6.0
15	5.5	0.16	---	0.12	0.14	1.3	1.6	16	0.02	0.3	81	6	1.63	2.0
16	4.7	0.19	---	0.10	0.05	1.7	1.9	8	0.01	0.4	93	1	1.47	2.0
17	5.0	0.18	---	0.12	0.04	2.2	2.4	6	0.01	0.5	91	1	1.61	2.0
18	5.6	0.23	---	0.12	0.10	2.3	2.5	8	0.04	0.8	82	2	1.58	5.0
19	3.8	0.20	---	0.04	0.04	4.5	4.6	1	0.06	1.2	76	12	1.32	5.0
20	5.0	0.16	---	0.04	0.11	2.3	2.5	6	0.06	0.8	78	10	1.43	9.0
21	3.8	0.28	---	0.03	0.04	3.8	3.9	2	0.04	5.0	79	7	1.33	10.0
22	5.8	0.20	---	0.10	0.43	2.4	7.0	67	0.12	0.3	79	5	1.37	17.0
23	5.0	0.16	---	0.10	0.06	5.9	7.5	22	0.14	2.4	75	11	1.30	20.0
Amplitude	3.8- 6.5	0.16 - 0.90	-- - 9.0	0.03 - 0.43	0.04 - 0.69	1.3 - 5.9	1.6 - 13.4	1 - 86	0.01 - 0.19	0.3 - 5.0	21 - 93	1 - 42	1.13 - 1.74	1.0 - 73
Mean	5.2	0.34	5.45	0.16	0.22	2.9	6.2	37	0.07	1.5	68	11	1.39

Extractant	Soil^1/ 1/ 1,2 - CXbe - Eutrophic Haplic Cambisol; 3, 8 - RRe - Eutrophic Regolithic Neosol; 4,6,13,17,18 - PVAd - Dystrophic Red-Yellow Ultisol; 5 - RLd - Eutrophic Litholic Neosol; 7,12- SXe - Haplic Planosol; 10,11,14 - PVAe - Eutrophic Red-Yellow Ultisol; 15,16,21 - RQo - Dystrophic Quartzarenic Neosol; 19,20,23 - LVAd - Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol; 9,22 - RL - Litholic Neosol.
Extractant	1CXbe	2CXbe	3RRe	4PVAd	5RLd	6PVAd	7SXe	8RRe
	^{_________________________________________________} mg dm^{-3_____________________________________________}
MCP	5.2	2.9	4.3	2.0	4.5	2.3	5.2	5.6
AMA	4.1	2.4	2.7	1.6	4.1	1.8	3.4	4.9
	9RL	10PVAe	11PVAe	12SXe	13PVAd	14PVAe	15RQo	16RQo
	^{_____________________________________________} mg dm^{-3_________________________________________________}
MCP	3.2	2.9	1.7	5.9	7.1	6.0	2.3	1.4
AMA	2.5	2.7	1.2	4.1	5.9	5.9	1.9	1.1
	17PVAd	18PVAd	19LVAd	20LVAd	21RQo	22RL	23LVAd
	^{_____________________________________________} mg dm^{-3_________________________________________________}
MCP	2.0	2.1	8.6	4.0	4.8	4.9	5.8
AMA	1.7	2.2	6.9	2.6	4.2	3.1	4.8
Amplitude: 7.2 (MCP) and 5.7 (AMA)
Mean: 4.1 (MCP) and 3.3 (AMA)

Property	Equation	R
% clay	$\hat{Y} = 2.17 + 0.09 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 1.36 + 0.11 X (AMA)$	0.51^ - significant at level of 1%. 0.54^ - significant at level of 1%.
% organic matter	$\hat{Y} = 3.26 + 0.07 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 2.30 + 0.16 X (AMA)$	0.24^ns ns - not significant; 0.38^ns ns - not significant;
pH	$\hat{Y} = 8.95 - 0.99 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 7.89 - 0.85 X (AMA)$	-0.27^ns ns - not significant; -0.31^ns ns - not significant;
Sum of bases	$\hat{Y} = 3.55 + 0.07 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 3.01 + 0.17 X (AMA)$	0.25^ns ns - not significant; 0.34^ns ns - not significant;
Non-exchangeable H	$\hat{Y} = 0.12 + 0.57 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 0.17 + 1.39 X (AMA)$	0.85^ - significant at level of 1%. 0.89^ - significant at level of 1%.
Al³⁺	$\hat{Y} = 0.39 + 0.04 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 2.57 + 1.45 X (AMA)$	0.30^ns ns - not significant; 0.30^ns ns - not significant;
V%	$\hat{Y} = 31.86 + 1.02 X (MCP)$ $\hat{Y} = 3.28 + 0.004 X (AMA)$	0.10^ns ns - not significant; 0.07^ns ns - not significant;

Soil	DMW						RP		IP
	1st cut				2nd cut		1st cut	2nd cut	1st cut	2nd cut
	S₀		S₁		S₀	S₁	1st cut	2nd cut	1st cut	2nd cut
	^__________ g per experimental unit^{______________}						^{________________________} (%)^{_______________________}
1 CXbe		10.73ª		11.27a	8.50b	17.17a	95	50	5	51
2 CXbe		9.70ª		10.80a	9.73b	18.57a	90	52	10	48
3 RRe		10.43ª		11.87a	6.40b	14.50a	88	44	12	56
4 PVAd		3.38b		9.22a	5.63b	11.57a	37	49	63	51
5 RLd		11.76ª		9.25b	16.56a	18.04a	127	92	--	8
6 PVAd		6.64b		8.11a	5.20b	16.24a	82	32	18	68
7 SXe		10.48b		11.19a	7.75b	15.65a	94	50	6	51
8 RRe		9.28ª		10.16a	13.60b	19.52a	91	70	9	30
9 RL		10.61ª		11.55a	12.10b	21.11a	92	57	8	43
10 PVAe		12.04ª		12.14a	12.98b	20.92a	99	62	1	38
11 PVAe		8.53b		12.00a	6.36b	22.05a	71	29	29	71
12 SXe		12.19ª		10.09b	16.81b	23.98a	121	70	--	30
13 PVAd		13.64ª		13.67a	16.70b	22.72a	100	74	--	27
14 PVAe		13.56ª		13.91a	12.38b	23.04a	97	54	3	46
15 RQo		7.09b		9.94a	4.41b	17.53a	71	25	29	75
16 RQo		7.57b		10.07a	4.18b	16.11a	75	26	25	74
17 PVAd		9.74ª		10.28a	5.03b	17.81a	95	28	5	72
18 PVAd		7.56b		11.19a	7.11b	20.92a	68	34	32	66
19 LVAd		7.50ª		7.02a	15.96a	18.68a	107	85	--	15
20 LVAd		10.61ª		8.73b	15.14b	21.92a	122	69	--	31
21 RQo		9.27ª		10.03a	11.91b	22.26a	92	54	8	47
22 RL		13.27ª		12.62a	14.54b	21.13a	105	69	--	32
23 LVAd		9.97ª		9.78a	12.08b	27.62a	102	44	--	56
Mean		9.80		10.64	10.48	19.50	-	-	-	-

Variable	Correlation coefficient
Variable	1st cut	2nd cut
S-abs x S - MCP	0.89^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.	0.74^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.
S-abs x S - AMA	0.63^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.	0.69^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.
IP x S - MCP	-0.64^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.	-0.71^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.
IP x S - AMA	-0.60^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.	-0.54^** * Significant at a level of 5%;**Significant at a level of 1%.

Universidade Federal do Ceará Av. Mister Hull, 2977 - Bloco 487, Campus do Pici, 60356-000 - Fortaleza - CE - Brasil, Tel.: (55 85) 3366-9702 / 3366-9732, Fax: (55 85) 3366-9417 - Fortaleza - CE - Brazil
E-mail: ccarev@ufc.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Author for correspondence