Quantitative and qualitative responses of Euphorbia milii and Zamioculcas zamiifolia exposed to different levels of salinity and luminosity

Santos, José Wilson Gomes dos; Lacerda, Claudivan Feitosa de; Oliveira, Adriana Cruz de; Mesquita, Rosilene Oliveira; Bezerra, Antônio Marcos Esmeraldo; Marques, Edilaine da Silva; Neves, Antonia Leila Rocha

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220033

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220033 copy

Quantitative and qualitative responses of Euphorbia milii and Zamioculcas zamiifolia exposed to different levels of salinity and luminosity¹ 1 Part of thesis presented at Federal University of Ceará (UFC)

Respostas quantitativas e qualitativas de Euphorbia milii e Zamioculcas zamiifolia expostas a diferentes níveis de salinidade e luminosidade

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian Northeast region has favorable climatic conditions for the development of floriculture; however, water scarcity and salinization of part of its water sources act as an obstacle to this activity. In this context, the objective was to test the effects of increasing levels of salinity in irrigation water on the quantitative and qualitative responses of ornamental species Euphorbia milii and Zamioculcas zamiifolia, under different light conditions. The study was carried out using an experimental design in randomized blocks, in a split-split-plot scheme, with five replications. The plants were grown in 7 L pots, undergoing an initial period of acclimatization for 15 days with non-saline water so that their establishment would not be compromised; after this period, the plants were subjected to increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water (0.5; 2.0; 3.5; and 5.0 dS m^-1) under four light intensities (full sun, 30%, 50% and 70% shading) for 60 days. The variables analyzed were plant height, stem diameter, belowground and shoot biomass, salinity tolerance and qualitative analysis. Shading had a greater impact on the qualitative variables of the plants than on the salinity tolerance based on quantitative variables. The environment with 30% shading is the most favorable for the cultivation of E. milii when using water with low to moderate salinity. Shading reduces direct radiation damage to Z. zamiifolia leaves and improves the visual quality of this species under high salinity.

Keywords:
Salt stress; Light intensity; Shading; Ornamental plants

OC	pH (H₂O)	ECse	Ca2+	Mg+2	K+	Na+	Al3+	(H+ Al)	S	T
g kg-1	(1:2.5)	dS m-1	--------------cmolc dm^-3------------------
8.58	5.8	0.26	3.60	3.40	1.12	1.53	0.25	2.15	9.7	11.8
P	N	V	C/N	m	ESP			Sand	Silt	Clay
mgdm³	g kg^-1	%	-	%	%			-------------------------g kg-1------------------------
32.0	0.91	82	9	3	13			800	123	77

	F values
	PH	SD	A
Environment (E)	10.923^* * P≤ 0.05;	1.416^ns	6.524^* * P≤ 0.05;
Salinity (B)	0.265^ns	22.639^ P≤ 0.01	82.235^ P≤ 0.01
A x B	0.845^ns	2.433^ns	1.584^ns
Species (C)	1226.123^ P≤ 0.01	1767.378^ P≤ 0.01	394.206^ P≤ 0.01
A x C	3.807^* * P≤ 0.05;	0.127^ns	27.767^ P≤ 0.01
B x C	0.687^ns	16.511^ P≤ 0.01	12.231^ P≤ 0.01
A x B x C	0.530^ns	1.845^ns	3.200^ P≤ 0.01

	F values
	SDM	RDM	TDM	FLDM
Environment (A)	3.353^* * P≤ 0.05;	0.965^ns	1.694^ns	26.209^ P≤ 0.01
Salinity (B)	3.940^* * P≤ 0.05;	12.760^ P≤ 0.01	21.352^ P≤ 0.01	6.526^ P≤ 0.01
A x B	1.217^ns	1.030^ns	1.144^ns	3.66^ns
Species (C)	289.771^ P≤ 0.01	1276.996^ P≤ 0.01	1833.388^ P≤ 0.01	-
A x C	2.894^* * P≤ 0.05;	0.974^ns	1.696^ns	-
B x C	2.935^* * P≤ 0.05;	12.621^ P≤ 0.01	19.004^ P≤ 0.01	-
A x B x C	1.150^ns	1.022^ns	1.066^ns	-

Environments	Electrical conductivity (dS m^-1)
	2.0	3.5	5.0	2.0	3.5	5.0
	E. milii			Z. zamiifolia
	Shoot dry matter (relative reduction, %)
Full sun	17.7 T	35.4 MT	53.1 MS	9.2 T	23.5 MT	27.5 MT
30% shading	11.6 T	23.1 MT	34.7 MT	14.6 T	29.3 T	43.9 MS
50% shading	0.0 T	13.2 T	43.2 MS	10.1 T	20.1 MT	30.0 MT
70% shading	15.5 T	31.0 MT	46.6 MS	16.4 T	32.7 MT	49.1 MS
	Belowground dry matter (relative reduction, %)
Full sun	0.0 T	0.0 T	38.4 MT	13.3 T	26.8 MT	40.2 MS
30% shading	8.7 T	17.4 T	26.1 MT	11.9 T	24.1 MT	36.1 MT
50% shading	0.0 T	8.2 T	39.6 MT	8.5 T	17.0 T	25.4 MT
70% shading	9.2 T	18.4 T	27.6 MT	12.4 T	25.3 MT	38.1 MT
	Total dry matter (relative reduction, %)
Full sun	17.2 T	34.4 MT	51.6 MS	12.0 T	24.0 T	36.0 MT
30% shading	9.2 T	18.3 T	27.5 MT	13.2 T	26.4 MT	40.1 MS
50% shading	0.0 T	9.7 T	41.4 MS	9.3 T	18.6 T	27.9 MT
70% shading	15.0 T	30.0 MT	45.0 MS	14.2 T	28.3 MT	42.5 MS
	Photosynthesis rate (relative reduction, %)
Full sun	24.6 MT	49.2 MS	73.9 S	36.0 MT	72.2 S	100.0 S
30% shading	16.7 T	33.4 MT	50.2 MS	33.7 MT	67.4 S	100.0 S
50% shading	0.0 T	0.0 T	46.8 MS	27.8 MT	55.6 MS	83.5 S
70% shading	21.6 MT	43.2 MS	64.8 S	26.3 MT	52.6 MS	78.9 S

ECw (dS m^-1)	Shading Levels (%)
ECw (dS m^-1)	0	30	50	70
	Euphorbia milii
0.5	7.11 ±0.23	8.04 ±0.18	7.15 ±0.19	6.73 ±0.25
2.0	6.11 ±0.32	7.00 ±0.22	5.31 ±0.36	6.02 ±0.27
3.5	5.57 ±0.33	6.91 ±0.28	4.77 ±0.33	6.51 ±0.24
5.0	5.20 ±0.34	6.64 ±0.25	6.97 ±0.27	6.40 ±0.25
Mean	6.00 ±0.30	7.15 ±0.24	6.05 ±0.28	6.41 ±0.25
	Zamioculcas zamiifolia
0.5	5.73 ±0.34	7.91 ±0.14	7.75 ±0.13	6.73 ±0.23
2.0	5.71 ±0.31	6.97 ±0.20	7.08 ±0.13	7.22 ±0.26
3.5	6.31 ±0.27	6.55 ±0.26	5.64 ±0.34	6.68 ±0.23
5.0	5.31 ±0.33	6.40 ±0.24	5.93 ±0.30	7.42 ±0.20
Mean	5.77 ±0.31	6.96 ±0.21	6.60 ±0.22	7.01 ±0.30

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Quantitative and qualitative responses of Euphorbia milii and Zamioculcas zamiifolia exposed to different levels of salinity and luminosity1 1 Part of thesis presented at Federal University of Ceará (UFC)

Respostas quantitativas e qualitativas de Euphorbia milii e Zamioculcas zamiifolia expostas a diferentes níveis de salinidade e luminosidade

ABSTRACT

Quantitative and qualitative responses of Euphorbia milii and Zamioculcas zamiifolia exposed to different levels of salinity and luminosity¹ 1 Part of thesis presented at Federal University of Ceará (UFC)