Spatial distribution of soil attributes and macronutrients in banana leaves under the application of limestone

Matos, Alex Pinto de; Matias, Sammy Sidney Rocha; Nóbrega, Julio César Azevedo; Nunes, Thais Paula Martins

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220047

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220047 copy

Spatial distribution of soil attributes and macronutrients in banana leaves under the application of limestone¹ 1 Part of the dissertation by the first author, presented to the Graduate Program in Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas in Bom Jesus, Piauí

Distribuição espacial de atributos do solo e macronutrientes em folhas de bananeira sob aplicação de calcário

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the spatial variability of the chemical attributes of the soil and macronutrients in leaves by means of the geostatistic analysis of a soil cultivated with banana in an area with two different methods of applying corrective. The study was carried out in the district of Cristino Castro, Piauí, where 21 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.00-0.20 m from an area of incorporated limestone, and 21 samples from an area without limestone on the surface, giving a total of 42 duly georeferenced points. The following were analysed in the soil samples: pH, OM, P, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, H +Al; and the sum of bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation were calculated. The Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and P content was determined in leaves collected from the same locations as the soil. The results were investigated using analysis of variance, descriptive analysis and geostatistics, and by interpretating the levels of the chemical attributes of the soil and plants. The chemical attributes and nutrient content of the leaves showed a significant variation in the study areas. The use of geostatistics allowed zones with different patterns of behaviour to be identified, which can help in the specific management of soil correctives and fertiliser using precision agriculture. The spatial variability of Ca²⁺ in the soil was similar to the variability of the nutrient in the banana leaves.

Keywords:
Liming; Nutrient levels; Precision Agriculture; Musa spp L

Attribute	Area	Mean	Median	SD	CV	Cs	Ck	KS
pH	I	5.77 a	5.89	0.51	8	0.35	0.56	0.153^ns
pH	NI	5.13 b	5.04	0.51	10	0.98	0.64	0.147^ns
OM (g kg¹)	I	5.60 a	5.25	2.78	49	0.72	-0.33	0.169^ns
OM (g kg¹)	NI	4.10 b	4.19	0.92	22	-1.12	0.99	0.170^ns
P (mg kg¹)	I	8.45 a	8.18	6.13	72	0.82	-0.41	0.182^ns
P (mg kg¹)	NI	11.29 a	7.07	8.70	77	0.69	-1.15	0.302**
K⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	I	0.06 b	0.06	0.03	46	0.08	-0.17	0.200**
K⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.10 a	0.10	0.03	35	0.76	0.38	0.199^ns
Ca²⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	I	1.41 a	1.24	0.80	56	0.91	0.28	0.181^ns
Ca²⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.33 b	0.31	0.28	84	1.30	2.03	0.158^ns
Mg²⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	I	0.41 a	0.43	0.23	55	0.06	-0.75	0.078^ns
Mg²⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.19 b	0.16	0.10	53	1.02	0.49	0.170^ns
Na⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	I	0.02 a	0.01	0.02	80	1.93	3.10	0.223**
Na⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.01 a	0.01	0.01	62	1.81	4.84	0.162^ns
Al³⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	I	0.00 b	0.00	0.00	-	-	-	-
Al³⁺ (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.19 a	0.20	0.19	102	0.46	-1.09	0.265**
H + Al (cmol_c dm³)	I	1.47 b	1.57	0.66	45	1.40	3.44	0.159^ns
H + Al (cmol_c dm³)	NI	2.21 a	2.26	0.73	33	0.04	-0.72	0.103^ns
SB (cmol_c dm³)	I	1.91 a	1.71	0.97	51	0.92	0.57	0.159^ns
SB (cmol_c dm³)	NI	0.66 b	0.61	0.32	49	0.95	1.07	0.120^ns
CEC (cmol_c dm³)	I	3.43 a	3.05	1.38	40	1.52	2.56	0.179^ns
CEC (cmol_c dm³)	NI	2.96 a	2.82	0.87	29	1.01	0.83	0.125^ns
V %	I	53.34 a	50.66	15.77	29	0.53	0.49	0.105^ns
V %	NI	25.52 b	22.41	13.67	53	0.93	0.22	0.126^ns

Attribute	Area	Mean	Median	SD	CV	Cs	Ck	KS
P (g kg¹)	I	1.892 a	1.897	0.20	10.78	-0.14	-0.3	0.116^ns
P (g kg¹)	NI	1.594 b	1.582	0.26	16.46	-0.21	-0.46	0.093^ns
K⁺ (g kg¹)	I	25.32 b	24.00	11.87	46.91	0.08	-0.17	0.200**
K⁺ (g kg¹)	NI	45.50 a	42.50	23.07	50.71	1.42	1.61	0.226**
Ca²⁺ (g kg¹)	I	2.093 a	2.046	0.289	13.82	0.19	1.36	0.169^ns
Ca²⁺ (g kg¹)	NI	1.722 b	1.695	0.280	16.27	0.11	-0.84	0.076^ns
Mg²⁺ (g kg-¹)	I	2.95 a	3.04	1.49	50.75	-0.38	-0.46	0.127^ns
Mg²⁺ (g kg-¹)	NI	2.54 a	2.44	0.96	38.03	0.06	-0.27	0.099^ns

Variable	Area	C₀	C₁ + C₀	DSD	Range (m)	Model	R²	CVRC
Variable	Area	C₀	C₁ + C₀	DSD	Range (m)	Model	R²	a	b
Soil
pH	I	0.01400	0.2040	6.86	69	Spherical	0.92	2.93	0.49
pH	NI	0.01800	0.3780	4.76	84	Gaussian	1.00	0.32	0.95
OM	I	0.01000	11.130	0.09	81	Spherical	0.89	0.45	0.92
OM	NI	0.00100	0.9410	0.11	68	Gaussian	0.57	1.20	0.71
P	I	-	-	-	-	PNE	-	-	-
P	NI	0.10000	75.8000	0.13	81	Gaussian	0.43	0.38	1.03
K⁺	I	-	-	-	-	PNE	-	-	-
K⁺	NI	0.00001	0.0059	0.17	65	Gaussian	0.65	0.02	0.80
Ca²⁺	I	0.00100	3.2360	0.03	91	Gaussian	0.85	0.02	1.00
Ca²⁺	NI	0.00010	0.6530	0.02	119	Spherical	0.90	0.09	0.73
Mg²⁺	I	0.02000	0.0520	38.46	114	Spherical	0.86	0.14	0.66
Mg²⁺	NI	0.04360	0.1770	24.63	59	Gaussian	0.63	0.03	0.85
Na⁺	I	0.000001	0.0004	0.24	74	Gaussian	0.62	0.00	1.00
Na⁺	NI	0.00010	0.0100	1.00	159	Spherical	0.93	0.00	0.95
Al³⁺	I	-	-	-	-	PNE	-	-	-
Al³⁺	NI	0.00420	0.0610	6.89	92	Gaussian	0.99	0.00	1.00
H + Al	I	0.00100	0.5610	0.18	78	Spherical	0.89	0.21	0.86
H + Al	NI	0.30450	0.6100	49.92	98	Spherical	0.88	0.03	0.98
SB	I	0.01000	3.6700	0.27	88	Gaussian	0.87	0.18	0.91
SB	NI	0.04360	0.1772	24.60	193	Gaussian	0.93	0.31	0.53
CEC	I	0.01000	6.7190	0.15	87	Gaussian	0.88	0.13	0.99
CEC	NI	0.46000	0.5990	76.79	72	Spherical	0.78	-0.20	1.09
V%	I	-	-	-	-	PNE	-	-	-
V%	NI	11.20000	86.8400	12.90	116	Spherical	0.94	0.72	0.98
Plant
P	I + NI	0.0103	0.0921	11.2	121	Exponential	0.97	0.37	0.70
K⁺	I + NI	-	-	-	-	PNE	-	-	-
Ca²⁺	I + NI	1.8700	16.2000	11.5	209	Exponential	0.97	3.03	0.84
Mg²⁺	I + NI	0.0590	1.3610	4.3	93	Spherical	0.87	0.87	0.70

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Spatial distribution of soil attributes and macronutrients in banana leaves under the application of limestone1 1 Part of the dissertation by the first author, presented to the Graduate Program in Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas in Bom Jesus, Piauí

Distribuição espacial de atributos do solo e macronutrientes em folhas de bananeira sob aplicação de calcário

ABSTRACT

Spatial distribution of soil attributes and macronutrients in banana leaves under the application of limestone¹ 1 Part of the dissertation by the first author, presented to the Graduate Program in Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobilina Elvas in Bom Jesus, Piauí