Maturation of <i>Physalis peruviana</i> L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit

Diniz, Fábio Oliveira; Novembre, Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20190053

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Crop Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 50 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190053 copy

Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP, ESALQ)

Maturação das sementes de Physalis peruviana L. em função do florescimento e da idade dos frutos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

It is important to understand the seed maturation process to determine the time point at which the seeds achieve optimum quality and the ideal time for harvest. This study aimed to study the maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds, based on flowering time and age of the fruit. This study was conducted from March to October of 2016 and 2017, in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo. The plants were cultivated in four blocks using four stems, with spacing of 1.0 m between the plants and of 2.5 m between the rows. As experimental treatments, two flowering time points were defined: 55 and 105 days after transplanting (DAT); in each period, the flowers were marked at the anthesis and the respective fruits and seeds were evaluated at 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). Characteristics during fruit development, such as age (days after anthesis) and changes in color, mass, and flavor, are parameters indicating the physiological maturity of fruits and seeds. The flowering time of the plant and the stage of fruit development influence the maturation of seeds, which present higher germination and vigor when obtained from fruits harvested at 75 DAA (55 DAT) and 60 DAA (105 DAT), after mass maturity.

Key words:
Cape gooseberry; Physiological maturity; Germination; Anthesis; Harvest

Florescimento	(DAA)
Florescimento	45	60	75	90
........................................................................................ (2016) .........................................................................................
55 DAT	488	684	880	1.065
105 DAT	618	779	1.031	1.195
........................................................................................ (2017) .........................................................................................
55 DAT	507	670	892	1.080
105 DAT	535	709	994	1.201

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
....................................................................................... WC (%) .......................................................................................
55 DAT	33,0	30,0	28,0	28,7	29,9 a
105 DAT	28,6	28,4	28,4	28,0	28,3 b
Mean	30,8 A	29,2 AB	28,2 B	28,4 B	-
..................................................................................... WOTS (g) .....................................................................................
55 DAT	0,992	1,065	1,040	1,032	1,032 a
105 DAT	0,927	0,941	0,987	0,967	0,955 b
Mean	0,959 B	1,003 AB	1,013 A	1,000 AB	-
....................................................................................... NSF (unt) ....................................................................................
55 DAT	265	252	260	259	259 b
105 DAT	323	308	306	327	316 a
Mean	294 A	280 A	283 A	293 A	-
C.VWC = 6,4%; C.VWOTS= 3,2%; C.VNSF = 9,0%

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
....................................................................................... WC (%) .......................................................................................
55 DAT	33,4	27,8	26,2	27,0	28,6 a
105 DAT	32,3	28,8	26,1	26,5	28,4 a
Mean	32,8 A	28,3 B	26,2 C	26,7 C	-
..................................................................................... WOTS (g) .....................................................................................
55 DAT	0,931 bC	0,997 aB	1,015 aAB	1,048 aA	0,998
105 DAT	0,976 aA	0,976 aA	0,977 bA	0,949 bA	0,970
Mean	0,954	0,987	0,996	0,999	-
...................................................................................... NSF (unt) .....................................................................................
55 DAT	277	286	259	246	267 a
105 DAT	266	260	271	241	260 a
Mean	271 A	273 A	265 A	243 A	-
C.VWC = 3,5%; C.VWOT S= 2,0%; C.VNSF = 9,3%

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
........................................................................................ G (%) .........................................................................................
55 DAT	9 bB	71 aA	72 bA	77 aA	57
105 DAT	39 aB	52 bB	89 aA	81 aA	65
Mean	24	62	80	79	-
........................................................................................... ISG ..........................................................................................
55 DAT	0,084 bC	1,412 aB	1,481 aAB	1,802 aA	1,195
105 DAT	0,515 aC	1,034 bAB	0,901 bB	1,329 bA	0,945
Mean	0,300	1,223	1,191	1,565	-
.................................................................................... MGT (day) .....................................................................................
55 DAT	25,8 aA	12,8 aB	12,3 aB	11,8 aB	15,6
105 DAT	19,8 bA	13,0 aB	12,8 aB	11,8 aB	14,3
Mean	22,8	12,9	12,5	11,8	-
C.VG = 15,4%; C.VISG = 17,4%; C.VMGT = 8,6%

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
......................................................................................... G (%) ........................................................................................
55 DAT	14 bC	61 bB	86 aA	71 aAB	58
105 DAT	47 aB	85 aA	87 aA	75 aA	73
Mean	30	73	87	73	-
.......................................................................................... ISG ...........................................................................................
55 DAT	0,143 bC	0,935 aB	1,649 aA	1,554 aA	1,070
105 DAT	0,652 aC	1,108 aB	1,638 aA	1,498 aA	1,224
Mean	0,397	1,021	1,644	1,526	-
.................................................................................... MGT (day) .....................................................................................
55 DAT	24,0 aA	18,5 aB	13,5 aC	11,8 aC	16,9
105 DAT	19,0 bA	19,5 aA	13,5 aB	12,8 aB	16,2
Mean	21,5	19,0	13,5	12,3	-
C.VG = 15,9%; C.VISG = 16,9%; C.VMGT = 7,4%

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
........................................................................................ SE (%) ........................................................................................
55 DAT	33	95	96	98	80 a
105 DAT	36	91	90	98	79 a
Mean	35 B	93 A	93 A	98 A	-
......................................................................................... SESI ..........................................................................................
55 DAT	0,671 aC	2,724 bB	3,309 aA	3,042 bAB	2,436
105 DAT	0,943 aC	3,291 aAB	3,155 aB	3,613 aA	2,750
Mean	0,807	3,007	3,232	3,327	-
................................................................................... MSET (day) ....................................................................................
55 DAT	25,3 aA	18,0 aB	14,5 aC	16,3 aBC	18,5
105 DAT	20,3 bA	15,0 bB	15,0 aB	14,0 bB	16,1
Mean	22,8	16,5	14,8	15,1	-
C.VSE = 9,0%; C.VSESI = 8,4%; C.VMSET = 8,9%

Flowering	(DAA)				Mean
Flowering	45	60	75	90	Mean
........................................................................................ SE (%) ........................................................................................
55 DAT	46	87	94	94	80 a
105 DAT	38	84	88	92	76 a
Mean	42 B	86 A	91 A	93 A	-
.......................................................................................... SESI .........................................................................................
55 DAT	0,994	2,464	2,603	2,897	2,239 a
105 DAT	0,837	2,712	2,570	2,580	2,175 a
Mean	0,915 B	2,588 A	2.586 A	2,739 A	-
................................................................................... MSET (day) ....................................................................................
55 DAT	23,3	18,0	18,3	16,8	19,1 a
105 DAT	23,3	16,0	15,8	15,5	17,6 b
Mean	23,3 A	17,0 B	17,0 B	16,1 B	-
C.VSE = 9,8%; C.VSESI = 10,5%; C.VTMEP = 5,2%

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Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit1 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP, ESALQ)

Maturação das sementes de Physalis peruviana L. em função do florescimento e da idade dos frutos

ABSTRACT

Maturation of Physalis peruviana L. seeds according to flowering and age of the fruit¹ 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP, ESALQ)