The data used in this study are from the first five lactations of 1,406 cows of the Mantiqueira Ecotype, daughters of 113 sires, with calving from 1952 to 1997. The total milk yield (PL), fat production (PG), lactation period (DL), and days dry (PS) were obtained from NPZGJRA/IZ/APTA/SAA. Based on the genetic values predictions, for each studied feature selection differentials and genetic trends were estimated though four selection paths of selection: bulls to breed bulls (SB), cows to breed bulls (DB), bulls to breed cows (SC) and cows to breed cows (DC). Two periods were involved: the first, from 1952 to 1976, representing the formation period and herd increase, the second, from 1977 to 1997, when the breeding program was implemented. The whole period from 1952 to 1997 was also considered. MTDFREML was used in the analysis with an animal model containing the year-season effects of calving, lactation period, the linear and quadratic effects of age of calving as fixed effects. Animal and permanent environment and error were included as random effects. The selection differentials for the SB and SC paths were larger in the first period. DB and DC paths were larger in the second period due to changes in the selection criterion. Selected gains for PG, DL, and PS paths were very small suggesting that the selection was only for PL. Rates of gains could be increased with changes in the breeding program.
animal model; dairy cattle; genetic trend; Mantiqueira ecotype; REML methodology; selection differential
