Use of crosses for sustainability in livestock farming in the Brazilian Meio-Norte region

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated different crosses for sustainable beef production in the Meio-Norte, Brazil. Thirty-four cattle [seven Curraleiro Pé-duro (CPD), six Nellore (NEL), seven $\text{F}1(\mathrm{½}\text{\hspace{0.17em}NEL}+\mathrm{½}\text{\hspace{0.17em}CPD})$, seven $\text{F}2\text{A\hspace{0.17em}}(\mathrm{¼}\text{\hspace{0.17em}CPD}+\mathrm{¼}\text{\hspace{0.17em}NEL}+\mathrm{½}\text{\hspace{0.17em}Angus})$, and seven $\text{F}2\text{S\hspace{0.17em}}(\mathrm{¼}\text{\hspace{0.17em}CPD}+\mathrm{¼}\text{\hspace{0.17em}NEL}+\mathrm{½}\text{\hspace{0.17em}Senepol})$] were evaluated on natural pastures in the states of Piauí and Maranhão. The animals were weighed at birth (BW); weaning (WW); 12 (W12), 18 (W18), and 24 months (W24); and slaughter (SW). The morphometric measurements of rump height (RH), withers height (WH), body length (BW), and heart girth (HG) were assessed. Hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), loin-eye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BFT), carcass dressing percentage (DP), water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), shear force (SF), pH, meat color (L*M, a*M, and b*M), and fat color (L*F, a*F, and b*F) were also analyzed. The three-cross animals (F2A and F2S) showed heavier weights from weaning to slaughter as well as higher HCW and CCW. The three-cross cattle produced less methane per kg of meat. The lack of differences between the NEL, F1, F2A, and F2S animals indicates that crossbreeding did not increase their size, which could be detrimental to reproductive efficiency. Loin-eye area, BFT, and DP differed between the genetic groups, with the highest LEA obtained by F2A. Backfat thickness and DP were low in all animals, suggesting a need for increased carcass fatness. Water-holding capacity, CL, SF, pH, a*F, b*F, L*M, and a*M did not differ; therefore, crossbreeding did not affect qualitative or visual aspects of meat and fat. The use of crosses in meat production systems in the Meio-Norte region of Brazil is a viable option to improve sustainability. In this respect, three-cross animals have the best performance.

Keywords:
adaptability; Angus; crossbreeding; meat quality; Nellore