Strategies to include sweet potato meal associated with the use of exogenous enzymes, in broiler chicken feed

Bahule, Celina Eugenio; Brito, Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de; Balbino, Eric Marcio; Machado, Adriana Conceição; Batista, Saulo Silva; Oliveira, Lennon Santos; Silva, Tamiris Natalice Santos; Pereira, Jamile

doi:10.1590/S1519-99402018000100004

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Nutrição Animal • Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim. 19 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100004 copy

Strategies to include sweet potato meal associated with the use of exogenous enzymes, in broiler chicken feed

Estratégias de inclusão da farinha de batata doce associada ao uso de enzimas exógenas em rações de frangos de corte

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

This work evaluated the effect of including sweet potato meal (SPM), as an alternative to corn in broiler chicken diets, on performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphometry, organ biometry, meat quality and drumstick pigmentation. The study used 936 male Cobb-500 chicks. The experiment had a completely randomized, 3x2 factorial design, with three diet types. These included corn as the energetic ingredient in the standard diet (corn-soybean meal, CSM), and an increasing (ISP) and decreasing (DSP) inclusion of sweet potato meal as a corn substitute, in association with exogenous enzymes, for a total of six treatments with six repetitions and 26 birds per plot. During the period of 1 to 21 days, there was an interaction (P<0.05) for the weight gain (WG) variable; the CSM diets promoted greater WG in relation to the ISP and DSP groups, when supplemented with exogenous enzymes. There was an increase (P<0.05) in surface absorption of the jejunum villi and relative weight of the pancreas, and worse feed conversion (FC), for the ISP and DSP diets. With exception of the pancreas, for the entire period of 1 to 39 days the performance, yield of the carcass and cuts, meat quality, relative weight of the liver, and feet pigmentation variables were not affected (P>0.05) by the factors evaluated. Sweet potato meal, independent of the inclusion program (ISP/DSP) and enzyme supplementation, could partially substitute corn in broiler chicken feed, guaranteeing good performance, carcass yield and meat quality.

Keywords:
alternative feed; meat quality; performance

Ingredients g/100g	CSM-NE	CSM-WE	ISP-NE	ISP-WE	DSP-NE	DSP-WE
Corn	56.40	57.50	49.98	51.08	34.58	35.68
Soybean meal	37.64	37.44	38.34	38.14	40.03	39.83
Sweet potato meal	0.00	0.00	5.00	5.00	17.00	17.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1.626	1.088	1.625	1.088	1.623	1.085
Soy oil	1.974	1.600	2.724	2.350	4.524	4.154
Limestone	0.926	0.932	0.912	0.917	0.876	0.881
Sodium chloride	0.504	0.503	0.487	0.487	0.447	0.437
Met-Hydroxy-Analogue¹ 1 Methionine Hydroxy–Analogue, 84	0.353	0.352	0.362	0.361	0.384	0.383
L-Lysine HCl 78	0.180	0.184	0.166	0.170	0.135	0.138
L-Threonine 98	0.010	0.010	0.012	0.012	0.017	0.017
Vitamin premix ² 2 Vitamin Premix – levels of guarantee/kg premix: Vitamin A 10,000,000 UI; Vit. E 40,000 UI; Vit. D 3000,000 UI; Vit. K3 3,000mg; Vit. B1 2,000mg; Vit. B2 7,000mg; Vit. B6 5,000mg; Vit. B12 20,000μg; Folic acid 1,500mg; Pantothenic acid 15,000 mg; Niacin 50,000mg; Biotin 100mg; Selenium 250mg, Anti-oxidant 125mg;	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120
Trace mineals premix ³ 3 Trace minerals premix - levels of guarantee/kg premix: Mn 160g; Zn 100g; Fe 100g; I 2000mg. Cu 20g.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Chloride-Choline 60%	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096
Blend Enzymes⁴ 4 Enzymatic activity/kg diet (betaglucanase 250U/kg, alpha galactosidase 50U/kg, amylase 120U/kg, beta mannanase 440U/kg, protease 600U/kg, xylanase 2000U/kg).	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020
Lipase (200,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Phytase (10,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Narasin 10%	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Enramycin 8%	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012
Organic cooper 15%(Cu (HMTBa)2)⁵ 5 Cu organic (CuHMTBa2 – copper linkage with two molecules of acid thio-methio butanoic which is methionine hydroxy–analogue equivalent) 30mg/kg.	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020
Sand (inert material)	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010
Calculated nutritional composition
Crude protein (%)	21.80	21.80	21.80	21.80	21.80	21.80
AMEn (Kcal/kg)⁶ 6 AMEn- apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance.	2950	2950	2950	2950	2950	2950
Calcium (%)	0.90	0.77	0.90	0.77	0.90	0.77
Avaiable Phosphorus (%)	0.45	0.34	0.45	0.34	0.45	0.34
Sodium (%)	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
Lysine (%)	1.32	1.32	1.32	1.32	1.32	1.32
Methionine + Cystine (%)	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Threonine (%)	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86	0.86

Ingredients g/100g	CSM-NE	CSM-WE	ISP-NE	ISP-WE	DSP-NE	DSP-WE
Corn	60.45	61.55	48.89	49.99	43.76	44.86
Soybean meal	33.06	32.86	34.33	34.13	34.89	34.70
Sweet potato meal	0.00	0.00	9.00	9.00	13.00	13.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1.517	0.887	1.515	0.860	1.515	0.848
Soy oil	2.765	2.390	4.115	3.741	4.715	4.341
Limestone	0.881	0.979	0.855	0.978	0.843	0.977
Sodium chloride	0.482	0.482	0.452	0.452	0.439	0.439
Met-Hydroxy-Analogue¹ 1 Methionine Hydroxy–Analogue, 84	0.300	0.165	0.316	0.315	0.324	0.322
L-Lysine HCl 78	0.165	0.169	0.141	0.145	0.130	0.134
L-Threonine 98	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.002	0.004	0.004
Vitamin premix ² 2 Vitamin Premix – levels of guarantee/kg premix: Vitamin A 10,000,000 UI; Vit. E 40,000 UI; Vit. D 3000,000 UI; Vit. K3 3,000mg; Vit. B1 2,000mg; Vit. B2 7,000mg; Vit. B6 5,000mg; Vit. B12 20,000μg; Folic acid 1,500mg; Pantothenic acid 15,000 mg; Niacin 50,000mg; Biotin 100mg; Selenium 250mg, Anti-oxidant 125mg;	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120	0.120
Trace mineals premix ³ 3 Trace minerals premix - levels of guarantee/kg premix: Mn 160g; Zn 100g; Fe 100g; I 2000mg. Cu 20g.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Chloride-Choline 60%	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096	0.096
Blend Enzymes⁴ 4 Enzymatic activity/kg diet (betaglucanase 250U/kg, alpha galactosidase 50U/kg, amylase 120U/kg, beta mannanase 440U/kg, protease 600U/kg, xylanase 2000U/kg).	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020
Lipase (200,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Phytase (10,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Narasin 10%	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070
Enramycin 8%	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012	0.012
Organic cooper 15%(Cu (HMTBa)2)⁵ 5 Cu organic (CuHMTBa2 – copper linkage with two molecules of acid thio-methio butanoic which is methionine hydroxy–analogue equivalent) 30mg/kg.	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020
Sand (inert material)	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010
Calculated nutritional composition
Crude protein (%)	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00
AMEn (Kcal/kg)⁶ 6 AMEn- apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance.	3050	3050	3050	3050	3050	3050
Calcium (%)	0.84	0.71	0.84	0.71	0.84	0.71
Avaiable Phosphorus (%)	0.42	0.31	0.42	0.31	0.42	0.31
Sodium (%)	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22
Lysine (%)	1.19	1.19	1.19	1.19	1.19	1.19
Methionine + Cystine (%)	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89
Threonine (%)	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78	0.78

Ingredients g/100g	CSM-NE	CSM-WE	ISP-NE	ISP-WE	DSP-NE	DSP-WE
Corn	63.90	65.00	47.24	48.30	52.36	53.46
Soybean meal	28.32	28.12	30.11	29.92	29.56	29.36
Sweet potato meal	0.00	0.00	13.00	13.00	9.00	9.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1.363	0.825	1.361	0.823	1.361	0.825
Soy oil	4.378	4.001	6.320	5.949	5.722	5.353
Limestone	0.805	0.811	0.765	0.771	0.778	0.783
Sodium chloride	0.461	0.461	0.418	0.418	0.431	0.431
Met-Hydroxy-Analogue¹ 1 Methionine Hydroxy–Analogue, 84	0.275	0.274	0.304	0.303	0.295	0.294
L-Lysine HCl 78	0.145	0.149	0.118	0.122	0.126	0.130
L-Threonine 98	0.002	0.002	0.010	0.010	0.007	0.007
Vitamin premix ² 2 Vitamin Premix – levels of guarantee/kg premix: Vitamin A 10,000,000 UI; Vit. E 40,000 UI; Vit. D 3000,000 UI; Vit. K3 3,000mg; Vit. B1 2,000mg; Vit. B2 7,000mg; Vit. B6 5,000mg; Vit. B12 20,000μg; Folic acid 1,500mg; Pantothenic acid 15,000 mg; Niacin 50,000mg; Biotin 100mg; Selenium 250mg, Anti-oxidant 125mg;	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100	0.100
Trace mineals premix ³ 3 Trace minerals premix - levels of guarantee/kg premix: Mn 160g; Zn 100g; Fe 100g; I 2000mg. Cu 20g.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Chloride-Choline 60%	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067
Blend Enzymes⁴ 4 Enzymatic activity/kg diet (betaglucanase 250U/kg, alpha galactosidase 50U/kg, amylase 120U/kg, beta mannanase 440U/kg, protease 600U/kg, xylanase 2000U/kg).	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020
Lipase (200,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Phytase (10,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Narasin 10%	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.070
Enramycin 8%	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010
Organic cooper 15%(Cu (HMTBa)2)⁵ 5 Cu organic (CuHMTBa2 – copper linkage with two molecules of acid thio-methio butanoic which is methionine hydroxy–analogue equivalent) 30mg/kg.	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020
Sand (inert material)	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010	0.040	0.010
Calculated nutritional composition
Crude protein (%)	18.10	18.10	18.10	18.10	18.10	18.10
AMEn (Kcal/kg)⁶ 6 AMEn- apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance.	3200	3200	3200	3200	3200	3200
Calcium (%)	0.76	0.63	0.76	0.63	0.76	0.63
Avaiable Phosphorus (%)	0.38	0.27	0.38	0.27	0.38	0.27
Sodium (%)	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21
Lysine (%)	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05
Methionine + Cystine (%)	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82	0.82
Threonine (%)	0.71	0.71	0.71	0.71	0.71	0.71

Ingredients g/100g	CSM-NE	CSM-WE	ISP-NE	ISP-WE	DSP-NE	DSP-WE
Corn	63.24	64.33	41.44	42.54	56.92	57.92
Soybean meal	28.19	27.99	30.53	30.34	28.88	28.68
Sweet potato meal	0.00	0.00	17.00	17.00	5.00	5.00
Dicalcium phosphate	1.366	0.828	1.363	0.826	1.365	0.824
Soy oil	5.229	4.858	7.769	7.398	5.976	5.604
Limestone	0.803	0.808	0.751	0.755	0.788	0.792
Sodium chloride	0.462	0.462	0.405	0.405	0.455	0.454
Met-Hydroxy-Analogue¹ 1 Methionine Hydroxy–Analogue, 84	0.280	0.279	0.317	0.316	0.291	0.290
L-Lysine HCl 78	0.152	0.156	0.177	0.120	0.141	0.144
L-Threonine 98	0.006	0.006	0.017	0.017	0.009	0.009
Vitamin premix ² 2 Vitamin Premix – levels of guarantee/kg premix: Vitamin A 10,000,000 UI; Vit. E 40,000 UI; Vit. D 3000,000 UI; Vit. K3 3,000mg; Vit. B1 2,000mg; Vit. B2 7,000mg; Vit. B6 5,000mg; Vit. B12 20,000μg; Folic acid 1,500mg; Pantothenic acid 15,000 mg; Niacin 50,000mg; Biotin 100mg; Selenium 250mg, Anti-oxidant 125mg;	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Trace mineals premix ³ 3 Trace minerals premix - levels of guarantee/kg premix: Mn 160g; Zn 100g; Fe 100g; I 2000mg. Cu 20g.	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050	0.050
Chloride-Choline 60%	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067	0.067
Blend Enzymes⁴ 4 Enzymatic activity/kg diet (betaglucanase 250U/kg, alpha galactosidase 50U/kg, amylase 120U/kg, beta mannanase 440U/kg, protease 600U/kg, xylanase 2000U/kg).	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.020
Lipase (200,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Phytase (10,000 U/g)	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.005
Enramycin 8%	0.006	0.006	0.006	0.006	0.006	0.006
Organic cooper 15%(Cu (HMTBa)2)⁵ 5 Cu organic (CuHMTBa2 – copper linkage with two molecules of acid thio-methio butanoic which is methionine hydroxy–analogue equivalent) 30mg/kg.	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020	0.020
Sand (inert material)	0.090	0.060	0.090	0.060	0.090	0.060
Composição Nutricional Calculada
Crude protein (%)	18,00	18,00	18,00	18,00	18,00	18,00
AMEn (Kcal/kg)⁶ 6 AMEn- apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance.	3250	3250	3250	3250	3250	3250
Calcium (%)	0,76	0,63	0,76	0,63	0,76	0,63
Avaiable Phosphorus (%)	0,38	0,27	0,38	0,27	0,38	0,27
Sodium (%)	0,21	0,21	0,21	0,21	0,21	0,21
Lysine (%)	1,05	1,05	1,05	1,05	1,05	1,05
Methionine + Cystine (%)	0,82	0,82	0,82	0,82	0,82	0,82
Threonine (%)	0,71	0,71	0,71	0,71	0,71	0,71

Diet	Enyme	WG¹ 1 Averages followed by different lowercase letters (a, b) in the same column differ statistically from each other by Tukey's test (p <0.05) (as a consequence of the effect of the type of diet as a function of enzyme supplementation). ,² 2 Averages followed by different uppercase letters (A, B) in the same column differ statistically from each other by Tukey's test (p <0.05) (as a consequence of the enzyme in the type of CSM diet). kg 1 to 21	FC³ 3 Averages followed by different lowercase and uppercase letters (a, b; A, B) differ statistically from each other by Tukey's test (effect of diet type) and the F test (effect of exogenous enzymes), respectively. 1 to 21	WG kg 1 to 39,	FC 1 to 39	Yield Carcass	Viability
CSM	NE	0.954^B	1.354	2.704	1.563	77.28	96.795
CSM	WE	1.015^aA	1.300	2.720	1.574	77.31	96.152
ISP	NE	0.965	1.354	2.675	1.595	76.75	95.512
ISP	WE	0.968^b	1.344	2.686	1.578	77.56	97.383
DSP	NE	0.955	1.395	2.742	1.589	75.94	98.716
DSP	WE	0.974^b	1.350	2.761	1.567	78.34	98.075
Main effect
Diet	CSM	0.984	1.327^b	2.712	1.568	77.29	96.473
	ISP	0.966	1.349^ab	2.680	1.586	77.16	96.448
	DSP	0.965	1.373^a	2.751	1.578	77.14	98.395
Enzyme	NE	0.958	1.368^A	2.707	1.582	76.66	97.203
Enzyme	WE	0.985	1.331^B	2.722	1.573	77.74	97.008
SEM	-	0.0064	0.0069	0.0254	0.0066	0.4415	0.9078
CV	-	2.28	1.79	3.24	1.44	2.43	3.24
P-value
Diet (D)	-	0.0746	0.0003	0.1590	0.1694	0.9752	0.2361
Enzyme (E)	-	0.0008	0.0001	0.6096	0.2171	0.0938	0.8533
D X E	-	0.0093	0.0829	0.9926	0.1866	0.3027	0.5348

Diet	Enzyme	Liver 22 days	Liver 40 days	Pancreas¹ 1 Averages followed by different lowercase letters (a, b) in the same column differ statistically from each other by Tukey's test (p <0.05). 22 days	Pancreas¹ 1 Averages followed by different lowercase letters (a, b) in the same column differ statistically from each other by Tukey's test (p <0.05). 40 days	SA 22 days (mm²)
CSM	NE	2.85	1.91	0.27	0.147	0.827
CSM	WE	2.75	2.02	0.28	0.160	1.032
ISP	NE	2.52	1.92	0.34	0.208	1.005
ISP	WE	2.68	1.87	0.38	0.200	1.220
DSP	NE	2.83	1.96	0.40	0.193	1.283
DSP	WE	2.83	1.86	0.35	0.158	1.112
Main effects
Diet	CSM	2.80	1.97	0.28^b	0.153^b	0.929^b
	ISP	2.60	1.90	0.36ᵃ	0.204ᵃ	1.112^ab
	DSP	2.83	1.91	0.38ᵃ	0.176^b	1.198ᵃ
Enzyme	NE	2.73	1.93	0.34	0.183	1.038
Enzyme	WE	2.75	1.92	0.34	0.173	1.121
SEM		0.0836	0.0612	0.0146	0.0067	0.069
CV		10.56	11.03	15.00	13.08	22.19
P-value
Diet (D)		0.1180	0.6989	0.0001	0.0000	0.0306
Enzyme (E)		0.8018	0.8579	0.9739	0.2070	0.3056
D X E		0.5564	0.4600	0.1703	0.0528	0.0962

Diets	Enzyme	FP	L*(PM)	pH (PM)	Abdominal fat	Breast	drumstick + thigh
CSM	NE	42.88	50.57	6.00	1.45	35.72	27.60
CSM	WE	43.54	51.34	6.14	1.62	35.29	27.85
ISP	NE	43.96	51.65	5.91	1.76	34.59	26.06
ISP	WE	43.68	51.76	6.14	1.60	36.22	27.21
DSP	NE	46.73	51.68	6.09	1.87	35.62	29.34
DSP	WE	42.55	51.79	6.00	1.75	35.67	27.76
Main effects
Diets	CSM	43.21	50.95	6.07	1.53	35.50	27.72
	ISP	43.82	51.70	6.03	1.68	35.40	26.64
	DSP	44.64	51.74	6.07	1.81	35.64	28.55
Enzyme	NE	44.52	51.63	6.10	1.69	35.31	27.66
Enzyme	WE	43.26	51.30	6.00	1.65	35.73	27.61
SEM	-	0.0067	0.7210	0.0401	0.1225	0.7151	0.5765
CV	-	9.27	4.85	2.58	25.33	6.98	7.23
P-value
Diets(D)	-	0.6919	0.6897	0.7660	0.2877	0.9724	0.0789
Enzyme (E)	-	0.3575	0.6956	0.0792	0.7912	0.6171	0.9321
D X E	-	0.3158	0.9329	0.0525	0.5894	0.5738	0.2496

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