Factors associated with alcohol abuse in nursing professionals in São Paulo State, Brazil

Martinez, Maria Carmen; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira; Fischer, Frida Marina

doi:10.1590/2317-6369/01322en2022v47edepi1

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional

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Sumário

Research article/Dossier Epidemiology, Health and Work • Rev. bras. saúde ocup. 47 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6369/01322en2022v47edepi1 copy

Factors associated with alcohol abuse in nursing professionals in São Paulo State, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to identify factors associated with alcohol abuse in nursing professionals in São Paulo State.

Methods:

this is a case-control nested in a cross-sectional study. We collected data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, work ability, occupational features, physical and psychosocial work environment, and alcohol abuse (CAGE Questionnaire). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:

the study involved 119 participants in the case group and 356 in the control group. After age adjustment, alcohol abuse was associated with male sex (OR: 3.39; 95%CI: 1.96;5.85), current or former smoking (OR: 2.11; 95%CI: 1.32;3.38), and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.91; 95%CI: 1.12;3.25); and negatively associated with ≥50 weekly working hours (OR: 0.54;95%CI: 0.32;0.92) and a monthly family income ≥6.1 minimum wages(OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.20;0.67).

Conclusions:

working hours and individual characteristics were associated with alcohol abuse. Workplaces should implement programs to prevent and treat alcohol abuse in nursing professionals to reduce workers’ and patients’ alcohol-related harms.

Keywords:
alcohol abuse; alcohol-related disorders; alcohol drinking; nurse practitioners; nursing staff; occupational health

Characteristics		Alcohol abuse
		No (n=356)		Yes (n=119)		OR	95%CI
		n	%	n	%
Sex
	Female	317	78.9	85	21.1	1.00
	Male	39	53.4	34	46.6	3.25	(1.94;5.46)
Age (Years)
	Up to 30.9	70	77.8	20	22.2	1.00
	31.0 to 40.9	132	73.7	47	26.3	1.25	(0.69;2.27)
	41.0 and more	154	74.8	52	25.2	1.18	(0.66;2.13)
Marital status
	Married/living with a partner	218	79.3	57	20.7	1.00
	Single/divorced/widowed	138	69.0	62	31.0	1.72	(1.13;2.61)
Monthly family income (national minimum wages)
	Up to 6.0 or refused to answer	259	71.7	102	28.3	1.00
	6.1 and more	97	85.1	17	14.9	0.45	(0.25;0.78)
Place of residence
	Capital	120	79.5	31	20.5	1.00
	Countryside	236	72.8	88	27.2	1.44	(0.91;2.30)
Urbanization level
	Up to 95.0%	51	66.2	26	33.8	1.00
	95.0% and more	305	76.6	93	23.4	0.60	(0.35;1.01)
Human development index
	Very high	179	79.6	46	20.4	1.00
	High/average	177	70.8	73	29.2	1.60	(1.05;2.45)

Characteristics		Alcohol abuse
		No (n=356)		Yes (n=119)		OR	95%CI
		n	%	n	%
Smoking
	Never smoked	279	79.5	72	20.5	1.00
	Former smoker	48	59.3	33	40.7	2.66	(1.59;4.45)
	Current smoker	29	67.4	14	32.6	1.87	(0.94;3.72)
Regular practice of physical activity
	Yes	158	74.5	54	25.5	1.00
	No	198	75.3	65	24.7	0.96	(0.63;1.46)
Sleep quality
	Good/average	297	77.1	88	22.9	1.00
	Poor	59	65.6	31	34.4	1.77	(1.08;2.91)
Insomnia
	No	136	78.6	37	21.4	1.00
	Yes	220	72.8	82	27.2	1.37	(0.88;2.13)
Body mass index
	Normal	133	76.0	42	24.0	1.00
	Overweight	119	76.8	36	23.2	0.96	(0.58;1.59)
	Obesity	101	72.7	38	27.3	1.19	(0.72;1.98)
	Not informed	3	50.0	3	50.0	3.17	(0.62;16.28)
Work ability
	Excellent	46	90.2	5	9.8	1.00
	Good	117	75.5	38	24.5	2.99	(1.11;8.06)
	Moderate	128	71.5	51	28.5	3.67	(1.38;9.75)
	Poor	65	72.2	25	27.8	3.54	(1.26;9.93)

Characteristics		Alcohol abuse
		No (n=356)		Yes (n=119)		OR	95%CI
		n	%	n	%
Professional category
	Registered nurse	206	72.8	77	27.2	1.00
	Nurse technician	119	76.3	37	23.7	0.83	(0.53;1.31)
	Nurse assistant	31	86.1	5	13.9	0.43	(0.16;1.15)
Nursing education
	Graduate degree	158	72.5	60	27.5	1.00
	College education	48	73.8	17	26.2	0.93	(0.50;1.75)
	Secondary and elementary school	150	78.1	42	21.9	0.74	(0.47;1.16)
Age at entry into the workforce (years)
	14.0 and more	324	76.4	100	23.6	1.00
	Up to 14.0	32	62.7	19	37.3	1.92	(1.04;3.54)
Time in nursing
	Up to 5.9	58	79.5	15	20.5	1.00
	6.0 to 10.9	74	75.5	24	24.5	1.25	(0.60;2.60)
	11.0 to 15.9	68	75.6	22	24.4	1.25	(0.59;2.63)
	16.0 and more	156	72.9	58	27.1	1.44	(0.76;2.73)
Main employment contract
	Formal contract in a private institution	169	72.5	64	27.5	1.00
	Civil servant	136	76.8	41	23.2	0.80	(0.51;1.25)
	Others	51	78.5	14	21.5	0.72	(0.38;1.40)
Main area of performance
	Hospital/Primary health care/Emergence services	282	76.6	86	23.4	1.00
	Others	74	69.2	33	30.8	1.46	(0.91;2.35)
Position/function
	Direct patient care	242	74.2	84	25.8	1.00
	Others	114	76.5	35	23.5	0.88	(0.56;1.39)
Second job
	No	247	75.5	80	24.5	1.00
	Yes	109	73.6	39	26.4	1.10	(0.71;1.72)
Working night shifts (main and/or secondary job)
	No	266	76.4	82	23.6	1.00
	Yes	90	70.9	37	29.1	1.33	(0.85;2.10)
Weekly working hours
	Up to 49.9	53	62.4	32	37.6	1.00
	50.0 and more	303	77.7	87	22.3	0.48	(0.29;0.78)
Work-related disease or injury
	No	248	74.5	85	25.5	1.00
	Yes	108	76.1	34	23.9	0.92	(0.58;1.45)
Intention to leave the nursing profession
	No	251	78.2	70	21.8	1.00
	Yes	105	68.2	49	31.8	1.67	(1.09;2.57)

Characteristics		Alcohol abuse
		No (n=356)		Yes (n=119)		OR	95%CI
		n	%	n	%
Demands at work
	Low	52	71.2	21	28.8	1.00
	High	304	75.6	98	24.4	0.80	(0.46;1.39)
Control at work
	High	284	74.7	96	25.3	1.00
	Low	72	75.8	23	24.2	0.95	(0.56;1.59)
Social support at work
	High	302	76.1	95	23.9	1.00
	Low	54	69.2	24	30.8	1.41	(0.83;2.41)
Risk of job strain
	Low strain job	42	68.9	19	31.1	1.00
	Active job	242	75.9	77	24.1	0.70	(0.39;1.28)
	Passive job	10	83.3	2	16.7	0.44	(0.09;2.22)
	High strain job	62	74.7	21	25.3	0.75	(0.36;1.56)
Effort at work
	Low	273	75.4	89	24.6	1.00
	High	83	73.5	30	26.5	1.11	(0.69;1.79)
Rewards at work
	High	291	75.6	94	24.4	1.00
	Low	65	72.2	25	27.8	1.19	(0.71;2.00)
Overcommitment
	Low	202	75.4	66	24.6	1.00
	High	154	74.4	53	25.6	1.05	(0.69;1.60)
Effort-reward imbalance
	No	295	76.4	91	23.6	1.00
	Yes	61	68.5	28	31.5	1.49	(0.90;2.47)
Work-related activities which lead do pain and/or injury
	Low	133	80.1	33	19.9	1.00
	Moderate/high	223	72.2	86	27.8	1.55	(0.99;2.45)

		OR_adjusted	95%CI
Sex
	Female	1.00
	Male	3.39	(1.96;5.85)
Smoking
	Never smoked	1.00
	Former/current smoker	2.11	(1.32;3.38)
Weekly working hours
	Up to 49.9	1.00
	50.0 and more	0.54	(0.32;0.92)
Monthly family income (national minimum wages)
	Up to 6.0 or refused to answer	1.00
	6.1 and more	0.37	(0.20;0.67)
Sleep quality
	Good/average	1.00
	Poor	1.91	(1.12;3.25)
Age (Years)
	Up to 40.9	1.00
	41.0 and more	1.09	(0.69;1.72)

Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - FUNDACENTRO Rua Capote Valente, 710 , 05409 002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel: (55 11) 3066-6076 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rbso@fundacentro.gov.br

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[1] Contact: Frida Marina Fischer - E-mail: fmfische@usp.br