Prevalence of physical activity and associated factors among pregnant women: a cross-sectional population-based study in southern Brazil

Silva, Vilson Rodrigues da; Boing, Antonio Fernando

doi:10.1590/1806-93042021000300011

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Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. 21 (03) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000300011 copy

Prevalence of physical activity and associated factors among pregnant women: a cross-sectional population-based study in southern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

to describe the prevalence of sufficient leisure-time physical activity (LPA) in the trimesters of pregnancy and to test its association with sociodemographic and contextual characteristics.

Methods:

cross-sectional study that in 2019 analyzed data from 3580 pregnant women residing in Santa Catarina, Brazil. LPA was categorized as “active” (150 minutes or more of LPA/week) and “inactive” (less than 150 minutes).

Results:

the prevalence for the recommended level of LPA was 15.3% (CI95%= 14.1-16.4) before pregnancy, gradually declining to 7.8% (CI95%= 7.3-8.7), 7.3% (CI95%= 6.58.2), and 5.8% (CI95%= 5.1-6.7) in the following trimesters of pregnancy. Higher level of education was associated with the four outcomes, increasing the chance of being active by 79% in the third trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester, living in a neighborhood that stimulates physical activity increased the chance of being active by 39%. In the third trimester, having received guidance from a health professional was associated with an increase of 60% in the chance of practicing LPA.

Conclusion:

the prevalence of recommended LPA is low among pregnant women and living in a neighborhood favorable to outdoor practices, greater education level and receiving guidance from health professionals increased the chance of pregnant women to be active.

Key words
Leisure activities; Pregnancy; Neighborhood; Prenatal; Epidemiology

	Sample		Prevalence % (CI95%)
	n	%	Pre-pregnancy	1º Trimester	2º Trimester	3º Trimester
The entire sample Age range (years old)	3,580	100.0	15.3 (14.1-16.4)	7.8 (7.3-8.7)	7.3 (6.5-8.2)	5.8 (5.1-6.7)
13 - 19	511	14.3	13.3 (10.6-16.6)	6.7 (5.0-9.4)	6.9 (4.0-9.5)	6.1 (4.3-8.6)
20 - 34	2,548	71.3	15.2 (13.8-16.7)	7.9 (6.9-9.0)	7.3 (6.4-8.5)	5.9 (5.1-6.9)
35 - 46 Color/race	513	14.4	17.4 (14.3-20.9)	8.4 (6.3-11.1)	7.2 (5.3-9.8)	5.0 (3.5-7.4)
White	2,205	63.4	14.5 (13.1-16.1)	7.8 (6.8-9.0)	7.2 (6.2-8.3)	5.5 (4.6-6.6)
Brown	941	27.1	17.0 (14.8-19.6)	7.8 (6.3-9.8)	7.7 (6.1-9.6)	6.8 (5.4-8.6)
Black Living with husband/companion	330	9.5	11.4 (8.4-15.4)	7.0 (4.7-10.4	6.4 (4.2-9.6)	4.3 (2.6-7.1)
No	695	19.5	13.4 (11.1-16.2)	6.6 (5.0-8.8)	6.5 (4.9-8.6)	4.4 (3.1-6.2)
Yes Education (years of study)	2,864	80.5	15.8 (14.5-17.1)	8.1 (7.2-9.2)	7.5 (6.6-8.5)	6.2 (4.5-7.1)
≤ 9	1,218	34.5	9.7 (8.2-11.5)	5.7 (4.5-7.1)	5.6 (4.4-8.6)	4.6 (3.6-6.0)
10-12	1,853	52.5	16.3 (14.7-18.1)	8.8 (7.6-10.2)	8.2 (7.0-9.5)	6.5 (5.5-7.7)
≥13 Household income per capita	458	13.0	24.7 (20.9-28.9)	9.2 (6.9-12.2)	8.5 (6.3-11.5)	6.8 (4.8-9.5)
Quartile 1 (the poorest)	910	26.8	13.0 (10.9-15.3)	7.9 (6.3-9.9)	7.7 (6.1-9.6)	5.7 (4.4-7.5)
Quartile 2	789	23.2	13.6 (11.4-16.2)	6.4 (4.9-8.3)	6.4 (4.9-8.3)	5.6 (4.2-7.4)
Quartile 3	852	25.1	15.6 (13.3-18.2)	9.0 (7.2-11.1)	7.8 (6.2-9.8)	6.7 (5.2-8.7)
Quartile 4 (the richest) Working	844	24.9	14.5 (16.0-21.3)	8.2 (6.5-10.3)	7.9 (6.2-9.9)	5.8 (4.4-7.6)
No	1,630	46.0	17.1 (15.4-19.1)	7.5 (6.3-8.9)	6.7 (5.6-8.0)	5.1 (4.2-6.4)
Yes Received guidance from a health professional	1,914	54.0	13.6 (12.2-15.3)	8.1 (7.9-9.5)	7.9 (6.8-9.2)	6.4 (5.4-7.6)
No	1,401	39.9	-	5.6 (4.5-6.9)	5.1 (4.1-6.4)	4.4 (3.4-5.6)
Yes Lives in a neighborhood with social cohesion	2,109	60.1	-	9.4 (8.2-10.8)	8.9 (7.8-10.2)	7.0 (6.0-8.2)
Yes	2,809	82.9	13.8 (12.0-15.9)	7.1 (5.3-9.5)	6.2 (4.5-8.5)	5.5 (3.9-7.7)
No Lives in a neighborhood with violence	581	17.1	15.5 (14.2-16.9)	8.2 (7.2-9.2)	7.8 (6.9-8.9)	5.9 (5.1-6.9)
No	2,897	84.0	13.2 (10.6-16.3)	7.9 (6.9-8.9)	7.2 (6.3-8.2)	5.9 (5.1-6.8)
Yes Lives in a neighborhood that encourages physical activity	553	16.0	15.5 (14.2-16.9)	7.1 (5.3-9.5)	7.1 (5.2-9.6)	5.6 (4.0-7.9)
No	1,189	34.0	13.8 (12.0-15.9)	6.7 (5.3-8.2)	6.0 (4.8-7.5)	5.1 (4.0-6.6)
Yes	2,305	66.0	16.1 (14.7-17.7)	8.7 (7.6,10.0)	8.2 (7.2-9.4)	6.4 (5.4-7.4)

	Pre-pregnancy	p	1º Trimester	p	2º Trimester	p	3º Trimester	p
	OR^* * Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (IC95%)^	p	OR^* * Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p	OR^* * Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p	OR^* * Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p
Age range (years old)		0.072		0.366		0.837		0.484
13 - 19	1		1		1		1
20 - 34	1.17 (0.88-1.54)		1.66 (0.80-1.69)		1.08 (0.74-1.57)		0.97 (0.65-1.44)
35 - 46	1.37 (0.97-1.93)		1.24 (0.78-1.97)		1.05 (0.65-1.70)		0.82 (0.48-1.40)
Color/race		0.125		0.990		0.686		0.215
White	1		1		1		1
Brown	1.21 (0.98-1.49)		1.01 (0.76-1.34)		1.07 (0.80-1.44)		1.25 (0.91-1.71)
Black	0.76 (0.53-1.09)		0.89 (0.57-1.40)		0.89 (0.55-1.42)		0.77 (0.44-1.35)
Lives with husband/companion		0.125		0.202		0.371		0.066
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.21 (0.95-1.54)		1.25 (0.89-1.72)		1.66 (0.83-1.62)		1.45 (0.98-2.16)
Education (years of study)		<0.001		0.002		0.009		0.034
≤ 9	1		1		1		1
10-12	1.81 (1.44-2.28)		1.61 (1.20-2.15)		1.50 (1.12-2.02)		1.43 (1.04-1.99)
≥ 13	3.04 (2.29-4.05)		1.68 (1.13-2.50)		1.57 (1.04-2.36)		1.50 (0.95-2.36)
Household income per capita		0.001		0.426		0.6691		0.705
Quartile 1 (the poorest)	1		1		1		1
Quartile 2	1.06 (0.80-1.40)		0.79 (0.54-1.15)		0.81 (0.56-1.19)		0.97 (0.64-1.47)
Quartile 3	1.24 (0.95-1.62)		1.15 (0.82-1.61)		1.02 (0.72-1.44)		1.19 (0.80-1.75)
Quartile 4 (the richest)	1.52 (1.17-1.98)		1.04 (0.74-1.47		1.02 (0.72-1.45)		1.01 (0.68-1.52)
Working		0.004		0.495		0.186		0.135
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	0.76 (0.64-0.92)		1.09 (0.85-1.40)		1.19 (0.92-1.54)		1.24(0.93-1.65)
Received guidance from a health professional		-		<0.001		<0.001		0.001
No	-		1		1		1
Yes	-		1.76 (1.34-2.31)		1.82 (1.37-2.42)		1.65 (1.21-2.24)
Lives in a neighborhood with social cohesion		0.283		0.393		0.188		0.708
Yes	1		1		1		1
No	0.87 (0.67-1.12)		0.86 (0.61-1.21)		0.78 (0.54-1.13)		0.93 (0.63-1.37)
Lives in a neighborhood with violence		0.166		0.522		0.913		0.804
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	0.83 (0.63-1.08)		O.89 (0.63-1.27)		0.98 (0.69-1.0)		0.95 (0.64-1.41)
Lives in a neighborhood that encourages physical activity		0.076		0.033		0.018		0.160
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.20 (0.98-1.46)		1.34 (1.02-1.76)		1.41 (1.06-1.86)		1.24 (0.92-1.70)

	Pre-pregnancy	p	1º Trimester	p	2º Trimester	p	3º Trimester	p
	OR^* * Adjusted Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (IC95%)^	p	OR^* * Adjusted Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p	OR^* * Adjusted Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p	OR^* * Adjusted Odds Ratio; 95%Confidence Interval. (CI95%)^	p
Age range (years old)		0.060		0.151		0.609		0.957
13 - 19	1		1		1		1
20 - 34	1.17 (0.83-1.65)		1.20 (0.77-1.88)		1.12 (0.73-1.74)		1.15 (0.71-1.87)
35 - 46	1.51 (1.00-2.29)		1.56 (0.91-2.67)		1.23 (0.71-2.12)		1.10 (0.59-2.05)
Color/race		0.029		0.337		0.222		0.076
White	1		1		1		1
Brown	1.32 (1.04-1.66)		1.13 (0.83-1.54)		1.19 (0.87-1.62)		1.36 (0.97-1.90)
Black	0.81 (0.54-1.21)		1.06 (0.66-1.71)		1.02 (0.63-1.68)		0.72 (0.38-1.37)
Lives with husband/companion		0.124		0.393		0.188		0.708
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.25 (0.94-1.66)		0.86 (0.61-1.21)		0.78 (0.54-1.13)		0.93 (0.63-1.37)
Education (years of study)		<0.001		0.007		0.010		0.010
≤ 9	1		1		1		1
10-12	1.97 (1.51-2.57)		1.20(0.77-1.88)		1.69 (1.21-2.36)		1.67 (1.15-2,43)
13	3.01 (2.13-4.26)		1.56 (0.91-2.67)		1.65 (1.02-2.68)		1.79 (1.05-3.07)
Household income per capita		0.932		0.617		0.887		0.813
Quartile 1 (the poorest)	1		1		1		1
Quartile 2	0.92 (0.67-1.26)		0.65 (0.43-0.98)		0.69 (0.45-1.04)		0,76(0.48-1.20)
Quartile 3	0.94 (0.69-1.28)		1.04 (0.71-1.51)		0.99 (0.67-1.46)		1.04 (0.68-1.61)
Quartile 4 (the richest)	0.96 (0.70-1.33)		0.76 (0.50-1.16)		0.86 (0.56-1.32)		0.83 (0.51-1.34)
Working		0.678		0.292		0.058		0.101
Yes	1		1		1		1
No	0.95 (0.75-1.20)		1.18 (0.87-1.59)		1.35 (0.99-1.85)		1.34 (0.94-1.89)
Received guidance from a health professional		-		0.129		0.195		0.039
No	-		1		1		1
Yes	-		1.35 (0.92-1.97)		1.29 (0.89-1.89)		1.60 (1.01-2.52)
Lives in a neighborhood with social cohesion		0.838		0.952		0.625		0.794
Yes	1		1		1		1
No	1.02 (0.76-1.36)		1.01 (0.69-1.48)		0.91 (0.61-1.35)		1.06 (0.69-1.61)
Lives in a neighborhood with violence		0.441		0.930		0.470		0.854
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	0.89 (0.66-1.20)		0.98 (0.67-1.44)		1.15 (0.79-1.68)		1.04 (0.68-1.60)
Lives in a neighborhood that encourages physical activity		0.218		0.108		0.049		0.418
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.16 (0.92-1.46)		1.30 (0.96-1.78)		1.39 (1.01-1.91)		1.17 (0.83-1.66)

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[1] Author’s contribution

This study is the result of the master's thesis by Silva VRS, under the supervision of Boing AF. All authors approved the final version of the article.