Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish <i>Triportheus angulatus</i> and <i>Triportheus auritus</i> living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

Borges, William Felix; Oliveira, Marcos Sidney Brito; Tavares-Dias, Marcos

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021064

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021064 copy

Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

Diversidade de parasitos metazoários em peixes Triportheus angulatus e Triportheus auritus vivendo em simpatria na Amazônia brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of metazoan parasites in sympatric populations of Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. All the specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined were infected by Anacanthorus furculus, Anacanthorus pithophallus, Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona acuminata, Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. These parasites displayed aggregated or random dispersion. The parasite community in T. angulatus and T. auritus presented a similarity of 78%. The diversity indice and richness of parasite species were greater in T. auritus and there were differences in levels of host parasite infection for some infracommunities. Phyllodistomum spatula occurred only in T. angulatus, while metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Digenea gen. sp.2 occurred only in T. auritus. The species richness of the parasites was influenced by host size, as well as the abundance of some parasite infracommunities. This is the first report of these parasites for T. angulatus and T. auritus, except for P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for T. angulatus.

Keywords:
Amazon; community; fish; helminth; parasites; similarity

	Triportheus angulatus (n = 30)
Parasite species	P (%)	MI	MA	TNP	FD (%)	SI	P (%)	MI	MA	TNP	FD (%)	SI
Anacanthorus furculus and Anacanthorus pithophallus	96.7	37.4±41.8	36.2±41.7	1085	77.1	Gills	97.1	16.9±17.2	16.4±17.5	558	55.7	Gills
Digenea gen. sp.1 (metacercariae)	20.0	1.8±0.5	0.4±0.9	11	0.8	Gills	23.53	1.3±0.3	0.3±0.6	10	1.0	Gills
Phyllodistomum spatula (metacercariae)	30.0	6.6±2.1	2.0±5.5	59	4.2	Swim bladder	-	-	-	-	-	-
Digenea gen. sp.2 (metacercariae)	3.33	1.0±0.2	0.0	1	0.07	Liver	-	-	-	-	-	-
Clinostomum marginatum (metacercariae)	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.88	1.5±0.2	0.1±0.4	3	0.3	Muscle
Digenea gen. sp.2 (metacercariae)	-	-	-	-	-	-	17.65	1.0±0.1	0.2±0.4	6	2.1	Intestine
Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus	53.3	1.9± 0.8	1.0±1.1	31	2.2	Pyloric caeca	44.12	1.7±0.8	0.7±1.0	25	2.5	Pyloric caeca
Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus	20.0	2.2±0.7	0.4±1.5	13	0.9	Intestine	38.24	1.8±1.1	0.7±1.3	24	2.4	Intestine
Rhabdochona acuminata	3.33	108.0±1.1	3.6±19.7	108	7.7	Caecum pyloric	8.82	2.7±0.7	0.2±0.9	8	0.8	Caecum pyloric
Rhabdochona acuminata	3.33	37.0±2.1	1.2±6.8	37	2.6	Intestine	23.53	31.0±14.1	7.3±19.1	248	24.7	Intestine
Contracaecum sp. (larvae)	43.3	2.6±0.8	1.1±2.4	34	2.4	Abdominal cavity	41.18	3.1±2.0	1.3±3.0	44	4.4	Abdominal cavity
Ergasilus sp.	6.7	1.5±0.6	0.1±0.4	3	0.2	Gills	58.82	2.8±1.2	1.6±2.2	55	5.5	Gills
Acarina gen. sp	26.7	3.3±1.3	0.9±2.2	26	1.8	Gills	17.65	3.5±0.8	0.6±1.8	21	2.1	Gills

Hosts	Triportheus angulatus			Triportheus auritus
Parasite species	ID	d	D	ID	d	D
Anacanthorus furculus and Anacanthorus pithophallus	2.270	3.289	0.343	2.100	3.587	0.351
Digenea gen. sp.1	1.410	0.858	0.806	0.990	-0.102	0.765
Digenea gen. sp.2	-	-	-	0.850	-0.673	0.800
Phyllodistomum spatula	1.650	1.597	0.746	-	-	-
Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus	1.100	-0.198	0.491	1.110	0.370	0.451
Rhabdochona acuminata	-	-	-	2.950	5.768	0.815
Contracaecum sp.	1.590	1.418	0.669	1.510	1.798	0.669
Ergasilus sp.	-	-	-	5.290	10.500	0.438
Acarina gen. sp.	2.030	2.665	0.785	2.380	4.348	0.846

Characteristics	Triportheus angulatus	Triportheus auritus
Examined fish number	30	34
Body length (cm)	15.2 ± 2.0	14.3± 2.4
Weigth (g)	68.3 ± 22.2	38.3 ± 30.4
Prevalence (%) of parasites	100	100
Total number of parasites	1408	1002
Ectoparasite species	5	5
Percentage of ectoparasites	79.9	64.3
Endoparasite species	5	5
Percentage of endoparasites	20.1	35.7
Endoparasite species (adults)	5	6
Endoparasite species (larvae)	4	3

Hosts	Triportheus angulatus						Triportheus auritus
Hosts	Length		Weight		Kn		Length		Weight		Kn
Parasite species	r_s	p	r_s	p	r_s	p	r_s	p	r_s	p	r_s	p
Anacanthorus furculus and Anacanthorus pithophallus	-0.349	0.050	-0.21	0.241	0.336	0.069	0.328	0.050	0.340	0.048	0.003	0.984
Digenea gen. sp.1	-0.161	0.395	-0.369	0.044	-0.505	0.004	-0.307	0.077	-0.375	0.029	-0.126	0.476
Digenea gen. sp. 2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.119	0.501	-0.193	0.273	-0.162	0.358
Phyllodistomum spatula	-0.044	0.818	0.129	0.496	0.184	0.329	-	-	-	-	-	-
Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus	-0.387	0.034	-0.221	0.240	0.315	0.089	0.448	0.008	0.358	0.037	-0.022	0.9
Rhabdochona acuminata	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.015	0.933	0.094	0.594	-0.043	0.808
Contracaecum sp.	0.130	0.492	0.035	0.854	-0.129	0.494	0.164	0.353	0.097	0.583	0.100	0.572
Ergasilus sp.	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.374	0.029	0.301	0.083	-0.045	0.799
Acarina gen. sp	-0.334	0.071	-0.478	0.007	-0.194	0.303	0.016	0.928	-0.087	0.624	-0.214	0.223

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Marcos Tavares-Dias. E-mail: marcos.tavares@embrapa.br