Acaricidal activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eremanthus erythropappus, major compounds and cinnamyl acetate in Rhipicephalus microplus

Marchesini, Paula; Oliveira, Débora Ramos de; Gomes, Geovany Amorim; Rodrigues, Tigressa Helena Soares; Maturano, Ralph; Fidelis, Queli Cristina; Catunda Júnior, Francisco Eduardo Aragão; Carvalho, Mário Geraldo de; Bittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro; Monteiro, Caio Márcio Oliveira

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021070

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021070 copy

Acaricidal activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eremanthus erythropappus, major compounds and cinnamyl acetate in Rhipicephalus microplus

Atividade acaricida dos óleos essenciais de Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Eremanthus erythropappus, compostos majoritários e acetato de cinamila sobre Rhipicephalus microplus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) and evaluate their acaricidal activity, together with that of their major compounds and cinnamyl acetate derivative, against Rhipicephalus microplus. Essential oil compounds were identified through gas chromatography. The larval packet test (LPT) at concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 10.0 mg/mL and the adult immersion test (AIT) at concentrations between 2.5 and 60.0 mg/mL were performed. (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol were the major compounds in cinnamon (86.93%) and candeia (78.41%) EOs, respectively. In the LPT, the EOs of cinnamon and candeia and the compounds (E)-cinnamaldehyde, α-bisabolol and cinnamyl acetate resulted in 100% mortality at concentrations of 2.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 10.0 mg/mL respectively. In the AIT, percentage control values > 95% were observed for cinnamon and candeia EOs, (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol at the concentrations of 5.0, 60.0, 20.0, and 20.0 mg/mL, respectively, whereas cinnamyl acetate showed low activity. We conclude that EOs and their compounds showed high acaricidal activity, whereas the acetylated derivative of (E)-cinnamaldehyde presented less acaricidal activity on R. microplus engorged females.

Keywords:
Cattle tick; cinnamon; candeia; (E)-cinnamaldehyde; α-bisabolol

Components	Cinnamomum zeylanicum			Eremanthus erythropappus
	KI_C	KI_Lit	(%)	KI_C	KI_Lit	(%)
Aromatic aldehyde			3.71	-	-	-
Benzaldehyde	966	960	3.71	-	-	-

Phenylpropanoids			94.06	-	-	-
(E)-Cinamaldehyde	1280	1270	86.93	-	-	-
(E) -o-Methoxy cinnamaldehyde	1537	1528	7.13	-	-	-

Saturated fatty acid	-	-	-			1.10
Isovaleric acid	-	-	-	849	835	1.10

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons						13.17
γ-curcumin	-	-	-	1483	1482	0.61
β-selinene	-	-	-	1486	1490	0.25
α-selinene	-	-	-	1496	1498	0.27
(Z)-α-bisabolene	-	-	-	1505	1504	3.36
β-bisabolene	-	-	-	1513	1505	1.86
(E)-γ-bisabolene	-	-	-	1517	1531	0.95
(E)-α-bisabolene	-	-	-	1547	1547	5.87

Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes						82.19
2, (7Z)-bisaboladien-4-ol	-	-	-	1627	1619	0.29
α-bisabolol B oxide	-	-	-	1664	1658	1.72
(E)-bisabol-11-ol	-	-	-	1675	1668	1.77
α-bisabolol	-	-	-	1700	1685	78.41
Total Identified			97.77			96.46

Treatments	Cinnamomum zeylanicum	(E)-cinnamaldehyde	Cinnamyl acetate	Eremanthus erythropappus	α-bisabolol
Control - H₂O	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0
Control -Solvent^* * Control Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Eremanthus erythropappus; (E)-cinnamaldehyde and Cinnamyl acetate = 70% ethanol. Control α-bisabolol = 50% ethanol; … = Concentration not tested.	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0
0.31 mg/mL	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0
0.62 mg/mL	21.0^a ± 4.5	15.9^ab ± 18.9	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0	0.0^a ± 0.0
1.25 mg/mL	64.0^b ± 6.4	29.2^bc ± 7.2	6.0^b ± 8.9	4.0^a ± 4.66	0.0^a ± 0.0
2.0 mg/mL	99.0^c ± 2.9	63.7^c ± 6.2	44.0^bc ± 22.9	92.6^b ± 6.31	32.1^bc ± 25.3
2.5 mg/mL	100.0^c ± 0.0	95.3^cd ± 3.4	47.0^bc ± 11.3	100.0^b ± 0.0	80.4^cd ± 13.1
5.0 mg/mL	100.0^c ± 0.0	100.0^d ± 0.0	99.0^c ± 2.8	100.0^b ± 0.0	96.7^d ± 5.2
10.0 mg/mL	...	...	100.0^c ± 0.0	...	100.0^d ± 0.0

	LC₅₀ (mg/mL)	Confidence interval (CI)	p value
Unengorged larvae
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	0.94	0.50-1.05	<0.01
(E)-cinnamaldehyde	1.38	1.21-1.58	<0.01
Cinnamyl acetate	2.31	2.02-2.65	<0.01
Eremanthus erythropappus	1.61	1.47-1.77	<0.01
α-bisabolol	2.20	1.92-2.53	<0.01
Engorged females
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	0.57	0.10-3.25	<0.01
(E)-cinnamaldehyde	1.50	0.58-3.86	<0.01
Cinnamyl acetate	…	…	...
Eremanthus erythropappus	1.93	1.0-3.53	<0.01
α-bisabolol	6.99	6.06-8.05	<0.01

EO or compounds	Treatments	Female weight before laying (mg)	Egg mass weight (mg)	Larval hatching (%)	Percent control (%)
	Control	221.9^a ± 17.8	81.0^a ± 18.7	85.4^a ± 7.5
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	2.5 mg/mL	222.2^a ± 31.1	50.8^a ± 54.1	16.6^b ± 10.1	88.9
Cinnamomum zeylanicum	(n)	(10)	(10)	(6)	88.9
	5.0 mg/mL	222.6^a ± 20.7	33.2^a ± 33.7	4.4^b ± 2.8	97.8
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(7)	97.8
	10.0 mg/mL	222.0^a ± 15.9	32.2^a ± 41.4	1.4^b ± 1.9	99.3
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(7)	99.3
	20.0 mg/mL	222.9^a ± 18.4	38.3^a ± 40.2	0.3^b ± 0.8	99.8
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(6)	99.8
	40.0 mg/mL	222.5^a ± 14.2	33.5^a ± 45.4	0	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(4)	100
	60.0 mg/mL	222.4^a ± 20.7	36.6^a ± 39.0	0	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(5)	100
	Control	251.4^a ± 26.5	145.0^a ± 13.7	96.3^a ± 2.4
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)
(E)-cinnamaldehyde	2.5 mg/mL	251.8^a ± 35.6	101.1^b ± 42.4	28.5^b ± 24.7	73.4
(E)-cinnamaldehyde	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)	73.4
	5.0 mg/mL	251.9^a ± 30.3	95.3^bc ± 40.9	35.7^b ± 27.1	68.6
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)	68.6
	10.0 mg/mL	251.4^a ± 26.6	58.0^c ± 41.6	9.4^b ± 1.8	94.9
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(7)	94.9
	20.0 mg/mL	251.5^a ± 33.9	0	....	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(0)	100
	40.0 mg/mL	251.8^a ± 24.1	0	....	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(0)	100
	60.0 mg/mL	251.3^a ± 21.7	0	....	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(0)	100

	Control	226.3^a ± 11.8	132.4^a ± 18.2	80.1^a ± 9.4
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)
Cinnamyl acetate	2.5 mg/mL	226.7^a ± 17.9	129.8^a ± 12.3	77.0^a ± 11.1	1.4
Cinnamyl acetate	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)	1.4
	5.0 mg/mL	227.2^a ± 19.9	115.3^a ± 44.2	74.4^ab ± 13.7	16
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(9)	16
	10.0 mg/mL	226.2^a ± 7.5	127.5^a ± 6.8	68.0^ab ± 8.8	14.8
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)	14.8
	20.0 mg/mL	227.6^a ± 13.6	101.0^a ± 54.8	58.1^b ± 28.6	42.6
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(8)	42.6
	40.0 mg/mL	226.9^a ± 22.3	113.4^a ± 43.3	58.0^b ± 25.1	35.5
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(9)	35.5
	60.0 mg/mL	225.5^a ± 16.6	112.7^a ± 41.3	56.6^b ± 8.2	36.2
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(9)	36.2

	Control	201.8^a ± 12.8	67.7^a ± 22.2	84.2^a ± 12.3
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)
Eremanthus erythropappus	2.5 mg/mL	202.0^a ± 22.3	49.2^ab ± 37.3	55.2^a ± 36.3	52.4
Eremanthus erythropappus	(n)	(10)	(10)	(8)	52.4
	5.0 mg/mL	201.0^a ± 11.0	41.2^ab ± 39.9	39.7^b ± 32.0	71.1
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(8)	71.1
	10.0 mg/mL	201.1^a ± 12.7	21.4^bc ± 26.2	37.5^ab ± 29.9	85.9
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(6)	85.9
	20.0 mg/mL	201.9^a ± 18.9	58.3^a ± 30.6	16.5^bc ± 19.7	83.1
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(8)	83.1
	40.0 mg/mL	202.4^a ± 21.7	23.4^bc ± 23.4	11.7^b ± 15.2	89.9
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(7)	89.9
	60.0 mg/mL	202.6^a ± 17.5	2.0^c ± 6.3	0	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(1)	100

	Control	251.4^a ± 26.5	145.0^a ± 13.7	96.3^a ± 2.4
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)
α-bisabolol	2.5 mg/mL	251.7^a ± 20.7	136.0^a ± 14.7	74.5^ab ± 16.9	3.2
α-bisabolol	(n)	(10)	(10)	(10)	3.2
	5.0 mg/mL	251.6^a ± 26.4	94.6^ab ± 54.6	47.3^b ± 33.1	45.6
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(9)	45.6
	10.0 mg/mL	251.6^a ± 26.6	76.1^b ± 58.4	47.5^b ± 23.7	51.7
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(7)	51.7
	20.0 mg/mL	251.6^a ± 17.9	5.5^b ± 22.9	0	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(2)	100
	40.0 mg/mL	251.3^a ± 26.3	0.0 ^b ± 0.0	....	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(0)	100
	60.0 mg/mL	251.3^a ± 24.6	0.0 ^b ± 0.0	....	100
	(n)	(10)	(10)	(0)	100

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[1] *Corresponding author: Paula Marchesini. E-mail: paulabarrosocruz@hotmail.com