Survey of plant extracts with anti-Candida activity in the 2005-2013
                  period

GIORDANI, C.; SANTIN, R.; CLEFF, M.B.

doi:10.1590/1983-084X/12_072

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Revisão • Rev. bras. plantas med. 17 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/12_072 copy

Survey of plant extracts with anti-Candida activity in the 2005-2013 period

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Among the relevant mycoses in public health, one that stands out is candidiasis, an opportunistic infection that affects humans and animals. The disease was considered uncommon in veterinary medicine, but reports show a significant increase, as well as resistance, to conventional antifungal agents. Therefore, research has been undertaken aimed at finding bioactive substances from plants that fight against Candida. Thus, the objective of this work was to gather the databases SciELO and ScienceDirect with information between the years 2005 and 2013 concerning the anti-Candida activity of different plant extracts. A total of 78 families and 208 species of plants with activity against Candida spp. was found highlighting the Asteraceae, Geraniaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Verbenaceae and Anacardiaceae families, with dichloromethane, aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts and fractions and subfractions, being the leaf the most used plant part. The plants described showed anti-Candida activity, but some require very high concentrations of the extracts with little growth inhibition / elimination of these yeasts, with variations related mainly to the method of assessment, type of extract, plant parts and origin of the fungal isolates. The rarity of studies with isolates from animals, mainly clinical cases, draws attention. Finally, we highlight the Asteraceae and Geraniaceae families, which had a greater number of plant species with activity and which may be a source of research against Candida spp.

Plants; yeasts; candidiasis

Sociedade Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais Sociedade Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Farmácia, Bloco T22, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 - Maringá - PR, Tel: +55-44-3011-4627 - Botucatu - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbpmed.org.br

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Tipo de extrato	N° / %	Parte vegetal	N° / %
Diclorometânico	85 / 19,9%	Folha	146 / 44,9%
Aquoso	70 / 16,4%	Partes aéreas	45 / 13,8%
Etanólico	55 / 12,9%	Raiz	39 / 12,0%
Frações/Subfrações	54 / 12,6%	Casca	30 / 9,2%
Metanólico	28 / 6,5%	Caule	27 / 8,3%
Cetônico	27 / 6,3%	Flor	18/ 5,5%
Hexânico	23 / 5,4%	Fruto	06 / 1,8%
Óleo essencial	20 / 4,7%	Bulbo	05 /1,5%
Éter de petróleo	17 / 4,0%	Semente	04 /1,2%
Hidroalcoólico	17 / 4,0%	Toda planta	03 / 0,9%
Acetato de etila	16 / 3,7%	Inflorescência	02 / 0,6%
Clorofórmico	07 / 1,6%
Hidroglicólico	04 / 0,9%
Butanólico	02 / 0,5%
Acetronila	01 / 0,2%
Bruto CO2 supercrítico	01 / 0,2%
Hidrocetônico	01 / 0,2%
TOTAL	428/100%		325/100%

Planta	Extrato	Parte vegetal	Microrganismos sensíveis
Acacia brevispica	He	F	C.a
Acacia erioloba	DCM,Aq	F,Cc	C. a
Acacia tortilis	Aq	Cc	C.a
Acanthospermum australe	Mt	F	C.a
Achillea millefolium	Mt	F	C.a
Acokanthera oppositifolia	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Agapanthus campanulatus	EPe,DCM,Et	F,R	C.a
Alchemilla diademata	Aq	TP	C.a
Aloe arborenscens	DCM	F	C.a
Aloysia gratissima	OE	F,I	C.a
Aloysia triphylla	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Anthemis scariosa	Mt	TP	C.a
Antidesma madagascariense	He,Met	F	C.a
Antidesma venosum	EPe,DCM,Et	F	C.a
Aphloia theiformis	He,Mt	F	C.a
Arrabidaea chica	DCM	F	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r
Arctium lappa	HA,Fr,HG	F	C.a, Candida sp.
Arctium minus	Aq	F	C.a, C.t, C.gl, C.s, C.k, C.d
Argemone mexicana	He	PA	C.a
Aristea ecklonii	DCM,Aq	F,Ra	C.a
Athrixia phylicoides	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Baccharis dracunculifolia	He	Fo,F,Ra	C.t, C.gl
Banisteriopsis anisandra	Et	F	C.a
Bauhinia macranthera	DCM	F	C.a
Becium obovatum	EPe,DCM,Et	R	C.a
Bidens segetum	Mt	F,I	C.a
Boerhavia coccinea	He	PA	C.a
Boophane disticha	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Bridelia micrantha	DCM,Aq	F,Cc	C.a
Bursera graveolens	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Calendula officinalis	HG	Fo	Candida sp.
Calophyllum brasiliense	DCM	R,C	C.a
Campomanesia eugenioides	Aq,HÁ	F	C.a, C.p, C.t
Cardiospermum halicacabum	He	PA	C.a
Caryophyllus aromaticus	OE	F	C.a, C.k
Cassinopsis ilicifolia	Aq,Et,AcE	F,Cc	C.a
Chenopodium ambrosioides	OE,DCM,Aq	Fo,F,C,R	C.a, C.k
Cissampelos capensi	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Coddia rudis	Aq,AcE,Et	F	C.a
Conostomium natalensis	Aq,Et,AcE	F	C.a
Cotyledon orbiculata	DCM	F	C.a
Crassula multicava	Aq,AcE,Et	TP	C.a
Crotalaria caudata	He	F	C.a
Croton tenuissimus	Cet	F	C.a
Cucumis hirsutus	EPe,DCM,Et	F	C.a
Curcuma zedoaria	Et	R	C.a
Cymbopogon citratus	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.a, C.t, C.k
Cyperus textilis	EPe,DCM,Et	F,R	C.a
Dicoma anomala	DCM,Aq	R	C.a
Dilodendron bipinnatum	Et	Ra	C.a
Dioclea grandiflora	HA,Fr	R	C.a
Dioscorea dregeana	DCM	R	C.a
Diospyros lycioides	EPe,DCM,Et	F,Cc	C.a
Diospyros mespiliformis	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Dissotis princeps	EPe,DCM,Et	F	C.a
Dodonaea angustifolia	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Echinochloa stagnina	Et	R	C.a
Ekebergia capensis	DCM,Aq	F,Cc	C.a
Elephantorrhiza elephantina	DCM,Aq	F,Ra,R	C.a
Embelia ruminate	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Endopleura uchi	Aq,AcE	Cc	C.a, C.g, C.t
Ephedra alata	Aq,Act	C,PA	C.a
Erythrina lysistemon	DM,Aq	F	C.a
Erythroxylum laurifolium	He,DM,Met	F	C.a
Eucalyptus camaldulensis	DCM,Aq	Cc	C.a
Eucomis autumnalis	Cet,Aq	S	C.a
Eugenia repanda	Clo	F	C.a
Eugenia uniflora	Et	F	C.k
Ficus natalensis	DM,Aq	F	C.a
Ficus sur	DM,Aq	Cc,F	C.a
Galinsoga ciliata	Mt	F	C.a
Gladiolus dalenii	EPe,DCM,Et	B	C.a
Gochnatia polymorpha	DCM	F,Ra,Cc	C.a
Gonzalagunia rosea	DCM,Mt	PA	C.a
Gunnera perpensa	DM,Aq	F,R	C.a
Halleria lucida	DM,Aq	F,C	C.a
Harpephyllum caffrum	DCM,Aq,Et,EPe	Cc,F	C.a
Haworthia limifolia	EPe,DCM,Et	F	C.a
Hedyosmum racemosum	OE	Fo,Ft,F,C,R	C.k
Helichrysum armenium	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum artvinense	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum graveolens	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum heywoodianum	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum orientale	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum pallasii	Mt	PA	C.a
Helichrysum plicatum	Mt	PA	C.a
Herissantia crispa	Et	Fo,R	C.t, C.a, C.p
Hexachlamys edulis	Clo	F	C.a
Hypoxis hemerocallidea	EPe,DCM,Et Aq	B,F	C.a
Hyssopus officinalis	Aq,Mt,AcE	PA	C.a
Ilex mitis	DCM,Aq	C,F	C.a
Ilex paraguariensis	Et	F,Ra	C.a
Inga uruguensis	HA	F	C.a
Kigelia africana	DCM	Fr	C.a
Lafoensia pacari	Et,Fr	Cc	C.a, C.k, C.t, C.p
Lagynia lasiantha	Aq,Et,AcE	F	C.a
Lannea discolor	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Lantana fucata	Et	F	C.k
Lantana rugosa	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Leea indica	Et	F	C.a
Liabum asclepiadeum	DCM	PA	C.a
Lippia alba	Clo,Cet,Et	F,R	C.a
Lippia citriodora	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Lippia origanoides	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C. k
Luehea paniculata	HA,Aq	Cc	C.a, C.p, C.t
Malva parviflora	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Malva sylvestris	HÁ	F	C.a, C.t, C.s, C.k
Mangifera indica	He,Mt	F	C.a
Matricaria chamomilla	OE,Mt	F,Fo	C.a, C.k
Melia azedarach	Met	F	C.a
Melianthus comosus	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Mentha longifolia	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Mentha piperita	Mt	F	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r, C.u, C.gl
Merwilla plumbea	EPe,DCM,Et,Aq	B,F	C.a
Michelia champaca	Mt	F	C.a
Mimosa tenuiflora	Et	Cc	C.a
Montanoa sp.	DCM,Mt	PA	C.a
Morinda royoc	Et	F	C.ki
Moringa oleífera	He,Mt	F	C.a
Munnozia senecionidis	Mt	PA	C.a
Myracrodruon urundeuva	HÁ	Cc	C.a, C.t, C.k
Myrcianthes cisplatensis	HA,Cet,Clo	F	C.a
Myrcia cucullata	Et	F	C.k
Nectandra acutifolia	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Nectancha angustifolia	HA,Clo	F	C.a
Opuntia ficus	DCM	F	C.a
Ormocarpum kirkii	He	R	C.a
Origanum libanoticum	Mt	TP	C.a
Origanum vulgare	OE	F	C.a
Pavonia sepium	Cet	F	C.a
Pelargonium betulinum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium vitifolium	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium capitatum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium citronellum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium cordifolium	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium crispum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium cucullatum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium glutinosum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium graveolens	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium tomentosum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium sublignosum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium scabrum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium greytonense	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium hermannifolium	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium hispidum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium panduriforme	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium papilionaceum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium pseudoglutinosum	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium quercifolium	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium radens	Cet	PA	C.a
Pelargonium scabroide	Cet	PA	C.a
Pellaea calomelanos	DCM,Aq	F,R	C.a
Pentanisia prunelloides	DCM,Aq	Cc,R	C.a
Persea Americana	He,Mt	S	C.a, C.t, C.p, C.k
Piper regnellii	Et,He,DCM,AcE,Fr	F,R	C.t, C.gl, C.p, C.a, C.k,
Pistia stratiotes	Et	R	C.a
Pittosporum viridiflorum	DCM, Aq	F	C.a
Plectranthus ambroinicus	OE	F	C.k
Plinia cauliflora	Et,HC,HA,Fr	F	C.a, C.p, C.t
Pouteria salicifolia	Cet,Clo	F	C.a
Protea simplex	EPe,DCM,Et	Cc,F	C.a
Psidium guajava	HÁ	F	C.a, C.t, C.s, C.k
Pterodon emarginatus	Et	Cc	C.a
Pterogyne nitens	Et,HA,AcE,He, Bu	R,Ft,Ra,Cc	C.a, C.k, C.p
Punica granatum	DCM,Mt	Ft	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r, C.u, C.gl
Pyrostegia venusta	AcE	F	C.a
Quercus resinosa	Aq	F	C.a
Quercus grisea	Aq	F	C.a
Rauvolfia caffra	DCM	F	C.a
Rhynchosia sublobata	He	R	C.a
Rosmarinus officinalis	OE,Mt,DCM,Br	F	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r
Rothmannia capensis	DCM,AQ	F	C.a
Rubus urticaefolius	Et,AcE	F,Ft	C.a, C.k, C.p
Rumex acetosa	Et	F,C,Fo	C.t, C.a, C.p
Ruprechtia salicifolia	HA,Cet	F	C.a
Ruta graveolens	OE	F	C.a, C.k
Sapindus saponária	Aq,Bu,Fr,SFr	Ft	C.a, C.gl, C.p, C.t
Scadoxus puniceus	DCM,Aq	R	C.a
Schinus terebinthifolius	Et,AcE,DCM,Aq,HA	F,C,Cc	C.a, C.k, C.t, C.gl, C.p
Schistocarpha sinforosi	Mt	PA	C.a
Sclerocaya birrea	DCM,Et,EPe	F,Ra,Fo	C.a
Scutia buxifolia	Clo	F	C.a
Senecio heterotrichius	DCM	PA	C.k
Sesbania sesban	He	F	C.a
Solanum incanum	DCM	F	C.a
Spiranthera odoratissima	Et,Fr,OE	F	C.a
Stryphnodendron adstringens	HG	Cc	Candida sp.
Stryphnodendron obovatum	SFr	Cc	C.a, C.p
Syzygium cumini	DCM,Mt,HA	F,S	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r, C.u, C.gl
Swartzia apetala	He	Cc	C.t, C.g, C.l, C.gl, C.ki, C.i,
Tabebuia avellaneade	HG,DCM,Mt	Cc	C.a, C.d, C.p, C.t, C.g, C.k, C.l, C.r, C.u, C.gl
Tagetes lucida	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Taraxacum officinale	Mt	F	C.a
Terminalia sericea	DCM, Aq	R	C.a
Tetradenia riparia	Aq, AcE, Et	F	C.a
Tulbaghia violacea	EPe,DCM,Et, Aq	B,F	C.a
Trichilia emetic	DCM	F	C.a
Turnera difusa	OE	Fo,F,C,R	C.k
Verbesina nudipes	Mt	PA	C.a
Vernonia natalensis	EPe,Et, DCM,Aq	F,R	C.a
Viscum capense	DCM,Aq	F	C.a
Waltheria indica	He	PA	C.a
Warburgia salutares	DCM,Aq	F,Cc	C.a
Watsonia tabularis	EPe,DCM,Et	B	C.a
Xanthium spinosum	Aq,Et,AcE	F	C.a
Zantedeschia aethiopica	DCM,Aq	F,Cc	C.a
Zanthoxylum americanum	Et	F,Fr,S,Cc	C.a
Zanthoxylum rhoifolium	HA,Aq	Cc,F	C.a