ABSTRACT
Objective:
To determine the epidemiology and prevalence of myopic maculopathy and pathologic myopia and associated risk factors.
Methods:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study performed at an ophthalmology center, including 59 patients aged 7 to 70 years, and spherical equivalent higher than -6 diopters. Their retinographies were assessed by two ophthalmologists and an experienced retina specialist, using the META-PM study classification. Statistical analysis was performed using Matlab R2010, Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0, based on the result of multiple binary logistic regression analysis.
Results:
According to META-PM, the prevalence of myopic maculopathy in 100 eyes analyzed was 19% C0; 53% C1; 18% C2; 2% C3; 8% C4. The prevalence of pathologic myopia was 39%, and 37% of these eyes having myopic maculopathy category C1 with lesions plus, C2 or worse, or posterior staphyloma, and 2% in category smaller than C2, without lesions plus, but with posterior staphyloma. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis revealed an association between age and spherical equivalent inpathologic myopia (p<0.05), demonstrating the increase by 1 year in age implied in 1.05-fold (odds ratio=1.05) more likelyto present pathologic myopia (p<0.001; 95%CI 1.02-1.08). The increase by 1 diopter in the spherical equivalent higherthan -6 diopters, led to 1.19-fold (odds ratio=1.19) greater risk of presenting pathologic myopia (p=0.001; 95%CI 1.08-1.32). Finally, there was no association between sex and pathologic myopia (p=0.784).
Conclusion:
The META-PM study classification is an important tool to standardize myopic lesion staging, allowing comparison between studies and establishing management. Advanced age and myopic spherical equivalent are related to severity of myopic maculopathy and pathologic myopia.
Keywords:
Myopia; Myopia, degenerative; Epidemiology; Vision, low