Development and usability of a photograph-based smartphone app for ocular surface tumor screening

Machado, Caroline Franco; Sousa, Isabelle Maria Oliveira de; Araripe, Lara de Andrade; Guedes, Marina de Sousa; Barbosa Neto, José de Paula; Marçal, Edgar; Ribeiro, João Crispim

doi:10.37039/1982.8551.20220017

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Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia

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Original Article • Rev. bras.oftalmol. 81 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.37039/1982.8551.20220017 copy

Development and usability of a photograph-based smartphone app for ocular surface tumor screening

Desenvolvimento e usabilidade de um aplicativo para smartphones baseado em fotografias para rastreio de tumores de superfície ocular

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To develop and examine the usability of a mobile application aimed at improving knowledge about ocular surface tumors among medical students, general practitioners and ophthalmologists.

Methods:

A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out by a multidisciplinary team and developed in three stages: administration of a specific questionnaire to medical students, assessing the demand for the application, creation and development of the application in collaboration with the Technological Innovation Laboratory of Centro Universitário Christus and usability assessment. General practitioners and ophthalmologists were selected to answer the System Usability Scale questionnaire. Data were exported into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20.0 Windows, for quantitative analysis.

Results:

The OncoEye application was developed for the iOS and the Android platforms and included four main menus: Glossary, Patients, Referrals and Queries. Most students (89.9%) considered the development of the application important for wider access to information about the topic. Most students (39.9%) were able to recognize ocular lesions and 26.1% could distinguish between benign and malignant conditions. System Usability Scale questionnaire responses revealed good usability, with an average score of 92.65. Users (100%) described the application as user-friendly and well- integrated.

Conclusion:

An innovative application for ocular surface tumors was created and developed. The application achieved good levels of acceptance and was described as user-friendly by users.

Keywords:
Computers, handheld; Mobile applications; Eye neoplasms; Ophthalmology; Eye

Question	Yes	No
Are you able to recognize eye involvement?	39.9	60.1
Are you able to distinguish between malignant and benign eye lesions?	26.1	73.9
Did you have previous knowledge of ocular surface tumors?	58.7	41.3
Do you believe there is limited information about ocular surface tumors?	84.1	15.9
Do you find the development of an application related to ocular surface tumors important?	89.9	10.1

Evaluated parameters		SUS	p-value
Age
	30 years or less	86.50±13.99	0.237
	>30 years	95.21±6.07
Sex
	Female	92.05±10.54	0.720
	Male	93.75±8.18
Graduated from medical school
	6 years or less	91.07±12.98	0.960
	>6 years	93.75±6.80
Ophthalmology specialist
	No	92.22±11.49	0.961
	Yes	93.13±7.53

SUS questions	Descriptive statistics	Cronbach’s alpha
1. I believe I would like to use this system often	4.47±0.62	0.750^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
2. I find the system unnecessarily complex	1.24±0.56	0.869^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
3. I found the system easy to use	4.82±0.39	0.590^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
4. I believe I would need help from a person with technical expertise to use the system	1.35±0.79	0.890^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
5. I think the various functions of the system are very well integrated	4.65±0.49	0.701^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
6. I think the system is very inconsistent	1.35±0.61	0.843^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
7. I believe that people will learn how to use this system quickly	4.88±0.33	0.651^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
8. I found the system awkward to use	1.18±0.39	0.912^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
9. I felt confident while using the system	4.65±0.61	0.551^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
10. I needed to learn several new things before I was able to use the system	1.29±0.47	0.912^* * Cronbach’s alpha if the item is deleted;
Cronbach’s alpha of positive items	-	0.703^† † Cronbach’s alpha.
Cronbach’s alpha of negative items	-	0.908^† † Cronbach’s alpha.
SUS score	92.65±9.54	-

SUS questions	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly agree
1. I believe I would like to use this application often	-	-	5.9	41.2	52.9
2. I found this application unnecessarily complex	82.4	11.8	5.9	-	-
3. I found the application easy to use	-	-	-	17.6	82.4
4. I believe I would need help from a person with technical expertise to use this application	76.5	17.6	-	5.9	-
5. I found the various functions of the application to be well integrated	-	-	-	35.3	64.7
6. I felt there is a lot of inconsistency in the application	70.6	23.5	5.9	-	-
7. I imagine that most people can learn to use this application very quickly	-	-	-	11.8	88.2
8. I found the application very complicated to use	82.4	17.6	-	-	-
9. I felt very confident while using this application	-	-	5.9	23.5	70,6
10. I needed to learn several things before I could start using this application	70.6	29.4	-	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: João Crispim Ribeiro, Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Universitário Christus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel, 133 – Cocó, Zip code: 60190-060 – Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. E-mail: joaocrisp@gmail.com