This work analyzes the meteorological conditions that caused the occurrence of an intense heat wave over subtropical South America, with temperatures higher than 40°C immediately to the east of the Andes, during the last week of January 2003. To that purpose the terms of the thermodynamic equation were evaluated through numerical simulations performed with the Eta/CPTEC regional model. The strong temperature increase was caused by adiabatic warming (subsidence) as well as by the net positive surface heat flux, especially to the east of the Andes. The qualitative analysis of the Quasi-Geostrophic Omega Equation revealed that the large-scale subsidence was the result of the cold horizontal temperature advection and the advance of a wide ridge at midlevels. Additionally, the presence of forced orographic subsidence (Zonda wind) is evident from observations and numerical simulations in connection with the passage of a short trough immerse in the wider ridge, the approach of a cold front and the southward progress of the thermal-orographic low. Since this phenomenon is quite uncommon during summer, its incidence in combination to the other processes previously described would explain the occurrence of extreme maximum temperatures over western Argentina.
Heat Wave; Eta; Simulations; Thermodynamic Eq
