| Arendt-Nielsen et al., 20071818 Arendt-Nielsen L, Weidner M, Bartholin D, et al. A double-blind randomized placebo controlled parallel group study evaluating the effects of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulfate on exercise induced muscle soreness. J Musculoskelet Pain 2007;15:21–8.
|
n=60
60 men
24.3 ± 3.1 y |
eccentric |
Oral
Ibuprofen, glucosamine sulphate or placebo |
1,200 mg/d
22d |
VAS
(0-9 cm) |
BEx; AEx (15, 16 and 22 days) |
Not significant |
| Bourgeois et al., 199988 Bourgeois J, MacDougall D, MacDonald J, et al. Naproxen does not alter indices of muscle damage in resistance-exercise trained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:4–9.
|
n=8
8 men
21.8 ± 2.2 y |
concentric/
eccentric |
Oral
naproxen or placebo |
1,000 mg/d
2d |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx; AEx (0, 24 and 48 h) |
Not significant |
| Cannavino et al., 20032727 Cannavino CR, Abrams J, Palinkas LA, et al. Efficacy of transdermal ketoprofen for delayed onset muscle soreness. Clin J Sport Med 2003;13:200–8.
|
n=32
32 men
t18-35 y |
Maximal Extension and flexion |
Topic
ketoprofen or placebo |
cream 10%
8/8 h |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx; AEx (24 and 48 h) |
Significant |
| Croisier et al., 19963939 Croisier JL, Camus G, Monfils T, et al. Piroxicam fails to reduce myocellular enzyme leakage and delayed onset muscle soreness induced by isokinetic eccentric exercise. Mediators Inflamm 1996;5:230–4.
|
n=10
10 men
22.4 ± 0.4 y |
Maximal extension and flexion |
Oral
piroxicam or placebo |
20 mg/d
6d |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx; AEx (0, 24 and 48 h) |
Not significant |
| Donnelly et al., 19883333 Donnelly AE, McCormick K, Maughan RJ, et al. Effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on delayed onset muscle soreness and indices of damage. Br J Sports Med 1988;22:35–8.
|
n= 20
20 men
20 ± 1 y |
Running at 75% maximum .heart rate |
Oral
diclofenac or placebo |
150 md/d
(50 mg
8/8 h;72 h) |
VAS
(1-10 cm) and pain tolerance threshold |
BEx and AEx (6,24,48 and 72 h) |
Not significant |
| Donnelly et al., 19903434 Donnelly AE, Maughan RJ, Whiting PH. Effects of ibuprofen on exercise-induced muscle soreness and indices of muscle damage. Br J Sports Med 1990;24:191–5.
|
n=32
32 men
18 - 30 y |
Running at 75% maximum .heart rate |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
2,400 mg/d
(600 mg
6/6 h;72 h) |
VAS
(1-10 cm) and pain tolerance threshold |
BEx and AEx (6, 24, 48 and 72 h) |
Not significant |
| Dudley et al., 19972626 Dudley GA, Czerkawski J, Meinrod A, et al. Efficacy of naproxen sodium for exercise-induced dysfunction muscle injury and soreness. Clin J Sport Med 1997;7:3–10.
|
n=8
8 men
age: DNR |
eccentric |
Oral
Naproxen or placebo |
600 mg/d
(200 mg
8/8 h;4d) |
VAS
(1-100 mm) |
BEx and AEx (24, 96 and 240 h) |
Significant |
| Grossman et al., 19952222 Grossman JM, Arnold BL, Perrin DH, et al. Effect of ibuprofen use on delayed onset muscle soreness of the el bow flexors. J Sport Rehabil 1995;4:253–63.
|
n=30
20 men
22.1 ± 6.9 y |
Resistive up to exhaustion |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
2,400 mg/d
(600 mg
6/6 h)
5d |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (0; 48; 72; 96; 120 h) |
Not significant |
| Hasson et al., 19932323 Hasson SM, Daniels JC, Divine JG, et al. Effect of ibuprofen use on muscle soreness, damage, and performance: a preliminary investigation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25:9–17.
|
n=20
10 men
23.8±4.3 y |
Cycling |
Oral
ibuprofen, placebo or control (no intervention) |
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg
8/8 h)
(1d started 24 h after the baseline) |
Pressure pain threshold (level of soreness after the application of 50N) |
Baseline, 24, and 48 h |
Significant |
| Hyldahl et al., 20102525 Hyldahl RD, Keadle J, Rouzier PA, et al. Effects of ibuprofen topical gel on muscle soreness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010;42:614–21.
|
n= 106
41 men
18 - 65 y |
Extension and flexion |
Topical ibuprofen or placebo |
gel 125 mg/d; 36 h |
VAS
(0-100 mm) |
BEx and AEx (0,36,60,84 and 108 h) |
Not significant |
| Krentz, et al., 20083232 Krentz JR, Quest B, Farthing JP, et al. The effects of ibuprofen on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and soreness during resistance training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008;33:470–5.
|
n=18
12 men
24.1 ± 0.6 y |
Extension and flexion |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
400 mg/d
(200 mg;
12/12 h)
6 weeks |
VAS
(0-9 cm) |
Subjects rated their muscle soreness daily per 6 weeks |
Not significant |
Lecomte
et al., 19983131 Lecomte JM, Lacroix VJ, Montgomery DL. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of naproxen on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle strength. Clin J Sport Med 1998;8:82–7.
|
n=20
20 men
24.0 ± 3.5 y |
Eccentric |
Oral
naproxen or placebo |
1 g/d
(500 mg;
12/12 h)
8d |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
Perception of muscle soreness was evaluated daily throughout each phase |
Significant |
| Loram et al., 20054040 Loram LC, Mitchell D, Fuller A. Rofecoxib and tramadol do not attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness or ischaemic pain in human volunteers. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005;83:1137–45.
|
n=15
10 men
24.0 ± 4.5 y |
Running Downhill |
Oral
rofecoxib; tramadol or placebo |
rofecoxib
50 mg/d
Once a day
4d
tramadol
150 mg/d
(50 mg/d; 8/8 h)
4d |
VAS
(0-100 mm) and pressure pain threshold |
BEx and AEx (24 and 72 h) |
Not significant |
McAnulty
et al., 20072424 McAnulty S, McAnulty L, Nieman D, et al. Effect of NSAID on muscle injury and oxidative stress. Int J Sports Med 2007;28:909–15.
|
n=60
45 men
45.3 ± 1.1 y |
Running 160 km |
Oral or topical route not clear in methodology “Categorized as NSAID users if reported use during running and non-users reported to avoid NSAIDs” |
The ingested doses were performed individually, as performed routinely by the participants. |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24,48,72,96,120,148 and 172 h) |
Not significant |
| Nieman et al., 20062929 Nieman DC, Henson DA, Dumke CL, et al. Ibuprofen use, endotoxemia, inflammation, and plasma cytokines during ultramarathon competition. Brain Behav Immun 2006;20:578–84.
|
n=29
29 men
47.9 ± 1.4 y |
Running 160-km |
Oral
ibuprofen or control (no intervention) |
600 mg/d
And
1,200 mg/d
the day before and on race day, respectively |
VAS
(1-10 cm) |
BEx and after AEx (24,48,72,96,120,148 and 172 h) |
Not significant |
Rahnama
et al., 20053535 Rahnama N, Rahmani-Nia F, Ebrahim K. The isolated and combined effects of selected physical activity and ibuprofen on delayed-onset muscle soreness. J Sports Sci 2005;23:843–50.
|
n=44
44 men
24.3 ± 2.4 y |
eccentric and concentric |
Oral
ibuprofen or control (no intervention) |
2,800 mg
1 h before the eccentric actions up to 48 h after it |
VAS
(1-30 cm) |
BEx and after AEx (1, 24 and 48 h) |
Significant |
| Rother et al., 20143737 Rother M, Seidel EJ, Rother I, et al. Randomized, placebo controlled study of the effects of etoricoxib on markers of inflammation, pain and muscle force after eccentric exercise. Clin Anti-Inflamm Anti-Allergy Drugs (Discontin) 2014;1:99–110.
|
n=48
25 men
Group 1 young
(18-40 y)
Group 2 elderly
(50-70 y) |
Eccentric |
Oral
etoricoxib or placebo |
90 mg/d
7d |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24,48,72,96,120,148 and 172 h) |
Not significant |
| Seidel et al., 20163636 Seidel EJ, Rother M, Regenspurger K, et al. A randomised trial comparing the efficacy and safety of topical ketoprofen in transfersome(®) gel (IDEA-033) with oral ketoprofen and drug-free ultra-deformable sequessome™ vesicles (TDT 064) for the treatment of muscle soreness following exercise. J Sports Sci 2016;34:88–95.
|
n=168
86 men
18-55 y |
Descended stairs |
Topical ketoprofen + oral placebo (two groups); Oral ketoprofen or oral placebo (two groups) |
Topical
Group1: 100 mg ketoprofen + oral placebo.
Group2: 200 mg ketoprofen+ oral placebo
Oral
Group 1: 100 mg oral ketoprofen + topical placebo
Group 2: placebo capsule + topical ketoprofen
12/12 h
7d |
VAS
(0-9 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24, 48, 96, 192 and 288 h) |
Not significant |
Simmons
et al., 20182828 Simmons G, Cooper S, Brown Research J, et al. Enhancing methods for the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) pain model. J Pain 2018;19:S46.
|
n= 37
age: DNR |
Exercise regimen and a customized, non-invasive armband (Band-O™), |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
1600 mg/d
(400 mg
4doses)
1d |
VAS
(0-10 cm); sum of pain intensity differences (SPID); and sum of stiffness movement differences (SSMD) |
BEx and AEx (0,24 and 48 h) |
Significant |
| Singla et al., 20151010 Singla N, Desjardins PJ, Cosca EB, et al. Delayed-onset muscle soreness: a pilot study to assess analgesic study design features. Pain 2015;156:1036–45.
|
n=24
15 men
28+3.5 y |
Extension and flexion |
Topical Diclofenac or placebo |
Diclofenac
gel 1%
(DSG 1%; 48 h) |
VAS
(0-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24,48,72,96,120,148 and 172 h) |
Significant |
| Smith et al., 19952121 Smith LL, George RT, Chenier TC, et al. Do over-the-counter analgesics reduce delayed onset muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase values? Sports Med Train Rehabil 1995;6:81–8.
|
n=36
36 men
24.4 ± 1.5 y |
Eccentric |
Oral
aspirin, acetaminophen or
placebo |
Aspirin
3.0 g/d
(750 mg
6/6 h)
5d
Acetoaminophe
(3.0 g/d
750 mg; 6/6 h)
5d |
VAS
(1-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24,48,72,96 and 120 h) |
Not significant |
| Stone et al., 20023030 Stone MB, Merrick MA, Ingersoll CD, et al. Preliminary comparison of bromelain and Ibuprofen for delayed onset muscle soreness management. Clin J Sport Med 2002;12:373–8.
|
n=40
20 men
23 ± 3.2 y |
Extension and flexion |
Oral
ibuprofen, bromelain, placebo or control (no intervention) |
Bromelain
900 mg/d
(300 mg; 8/8 hours)
3 days;
Ibuprofen
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg; 8/8 h)
3d |
VAS
(1-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (24,48,72 and 96 h) |
Not significant |
| Svensson et al., 19973838 Svensson P, Houe L, Arendt-Nielsen L. Effect of systemic versus topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postexercise jaw-muscle soreness: a placebo-controlled study. J Orofac Pain 1997;11:353–62.
|
n=10
10 men
age: DNR |
Eccentric |
Topical ibuprofen,
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
Oral
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg; 8/8 h)
3d
Topical
2 g (5%)
8/8 h
3d |
Pain tolerance threshold |
BEx and AEx (24,48 and 72 h) |
Significant |
| Tokmakidis et al., 20031111 Tokmakidis SP, Kokkinidis EA, Smilios I, et al. The effects of ibuprofen on delayed muscle soreness and muscular performance after eccentric exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2003;17:53–9.
|
n=19
14 men
24.6 ± 3 y |
Eccentric and concentric |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg; 8/8 h)
2d |
VAS
(1-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (4,6,24 and 48 h) |
Significant |
| Trappe et al., 20027
|
n=24
24 men
25 ± 3 y |
Eccentric and concentric |
Oral
ibuprofen; acetaminophen or placebo |
Ibuprofen
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg
three doses)
1d
Acetaminophen
4000 mg/d
8/8 h
1st. dose one 1,500 2nd. dose 1,500 mg, 3rd. dose 1,000 mg
1d |
VAS
(1-9 cm) and level of soreness after the application of 40N |
BEx and AEx (0, 24 and 48 h) |
Not significant |
| Vella et al., 201699 Vella L, Markworth JF, Paulsen G, et al. Ibuprofen ingestion does not affect markers of post-exercise muscle inflammation. Front Physiol 2016;7:86.
|
n=16
16 men
23.9 ± 1.3 y |
Extension and flexion |
Oral
ibuprofen or placebo |
1,200 mg/d
(400 mg
three doses)
First dose immediately prior to the first muscle biopsy two doses at 6 and 12 h following the exercise protocols. |
VAS
(1-10 cm) |
BEx and AEx (0 and 24 h) |
Not significant |
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