BUILDING A PROFILE OF SPECIFIC FITNESS INDICES FOR MALE TEENAGE CHINESE SPRINTERS

Chen, Wenjia; Zhang, Biyu; Liang, Tseching; Tong, Zehao

doi:10.1590/1517-8692202228042021_0166

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Original Article, Training • Rev Bras Med Esporte 28 (4) • Jul-Aug 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228042021_0166 copy

BUILDING A PROFILE OF SPECIFIC FITNESS INDICES FOR MALE TEENAGE CHINESE SPRINTERS

DESARROLLO DE UN PERFIL DE ÍNDICES DE APTITUD FÍSICA ESPECÍFICOS PARA VELOCISTAS ADOLESCENTES DEL SEXO MASCULINO EN CHINA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study aimed to construct a profile of specific fitness indices for male teenage sprinters on the Chinese National Team to provide sprinting fitness assessments for teenage training.

Material and Methods:

229 male teenage sprinters at the same level were recruited to participate in this test for the indices. The t- and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted for the first selection of fitness indices. In the second selection, principal components analysis was applied to select common factors with greater characteristic values. The fitness indices chosen were height, leg length, measurement B (ankle circumference/heel length×100%) and measurement A (thigh circumference/leg length×100%), hemoglobin, 60m sprint time, 100m sprint time, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximum countermovement jump velocity, CMJ flight time, CMJ maximum force, and CMJ force.

Results:

Thirteen indices were chosen for the specific fitness of male teenage Chinese male sprinters with 3 general categories and 9 subcategories. The weight of each fitness index was confirmed and used to construct a standard fitness assessment scale.

Conclusion:

Anthropometric indices indicate the athlete’s innate limits in the structure of the sprinting motion. Physiological indices indicate the athlete’s potential to expend energy and recover in a short time. Motor indices indicate the athlete’s maximum sprinting ability, lower limb reaction strength, power, and maximum strength. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

Keywords:
Adolescent; Physical fitness; Motor indices; Athletic performance

Parameters	Elite (n=57)	control(n=172)	t	P
Height (cm)	176.38±5.87	174.37±7.19	0.079	0.054
Weight (kg)	65.19±5.9	58.29±8.81	4.660	0.000
100m (s)	11.43±0.21	12.43±0.66	-9.509	0.000

General	subcategory	parameters
Anthropometry	Length	Height, LLA, LLB, SHL, (LLA/H) ×100(%), (LLB/H)×100(%), TL/SHLA×100%, (AL/SHLA)×100(%)
	Width	Ilium width /shoulder width ×100(%)
	Body circumference	(TC/LLA) ×100(%), (AC/ATL) ×100(%)
	Body composition	weight, body fat
Physiological function	Cardiac function	Resting heart rate, cardiac effort indices, vital capacity weight indices
	Energy Metabolism	Red Blood Cell Count, HGB
	Hormone levels	HGH, Testosterone
Motor ability	Speed	30m, 60m, 100m
	strength	SJ, STJ, MBBT 2kg, CMJFT, CMJPS, CMJFH, CMJMS, CMJP, CMJI
	flexibility	Seat body anteflexion

No.	parameters	Elite	Control	t	P
1	Height (cm)	176.38±5.87	174.37±7.19	0.079	0.054
2	LLA (cm)	99.76±4.49	98.49±5.03	0.207	0.089
3	LLB(cm)	91.87±4.05	90.21±4.41	0.153	0.011
4	SLA(cm)	46.24±2.26	46.37±2.42	0.24	0.707
5	(LLA/H)×100(%)	56.55±1.16	56.49±1.77	0.135	0.816
6	(LLA/H) ×100(%)	52.08±1.23	51.76±1.52	0.448	0.149
7	[(LLB- SLA)/ SLA] ×100(%)	98.84±6.27	94.64±5.63	0.111	0.000
8	(ATL / SLA) ×100(%)	54.05±5	49.63±5.26	0.756	0.000
9	(IW/SW) ×100(%)	67.61±5.66	70.34±8.34	0.242	0.021
10	(TC / LL) ×100(%)	54.05±3.44	52.47±5.76	0.114	0.048
11	(AC /ATL) ×100(%)	87.51±11.01	95.43±11.81	0.334	0.000
12	Weight (kg)	65.23±5.58	59.98±8.38	0.009	0.000
13	body fat	11.76±2.9	13.5±3.29	0.367	0.000
14	Resting heart rate(times/min)	63.86±6.56	69.37±6.28	-5.734	0.000
15	Cardiac effort index	5.29±2.43	7.95±2.3	-6.816	0.000
16	Vital capacity weight index (ml/kg)	61.64±17.66	60.22±12.28	0.678	0.498
17	Red Blood Cell Count(×10.e6/ul)	5.28±0.53	5.03±0.51	3.099	0.002
18	HGB(g/l)	152.5±12.42	140.13±14.68	5.617	0.000
19	HGH(ug/L)	3.19±4.49	3.46±4.58	-0.379	0.705
20	Testosterone(nmol/L)	17.79±4.25	12.92±4.58	6.948	0.000
21	30m(s)	4.18±0.03	4.47±0.02	-7.159	0.000
22	60m(s)	7.22±0.03	7.93±0.04	-14.658	0.000
23	100(m)	11.49±0.03	12.79±0.06	-18.021	0.000
24	Standing jump(m)	2.76±0.02	2.48±0.02	9.282	0.000
25	Standing triple jump (m)	7.98±0.14	7.2±0.06	4.685	0.000
26	2kg med ball backward throw (m)	16.59±0.48	13.86±0.24	5.089	0.000
27	CMJFT(S)	0.59±0.01	0.55±0	5.184	0.000
28	CMJMS(N)	1672.59±46.26	1465.04±31.7	3.368	0.001
29	CMJH(m)	0.43±0.01	0.37±0.01	5.376	0.000
30	CMJMV (m/s)	2.89±0.04	2.68±0.02	5.224	0.000
31	CMJP(standardization)	74.9±2.16	65.89±1.14	3.831	0.000
32	CMJI	186.32±3.54	159.09±2.72	5.253	0.000
33	Seat body anteflexion(cm)	15.65±4.67	13.87±5.98	1.728	0.086

		Anthropometry	Physiologic function	Motor ability
KMO adequacy		0.669	0.607	0.78
Bartlett factor rotation	chi-square	1337.94	367.87	2612.39
	df	36	10	66
	P	0.000	0.000	0.000

General	Subcategory	Final parameters
Anthropometry	Length	Height, LLB
	Lower extremity Circumferences	(AC / ACL) ×100(%)
	Ratio of Lower extremity	(TC/ LLA) ×100(%)
Physiological	Aerobic ability	HGB
function	Recovery ability	Resting heart rate, cardiac work indices
Motor ability	Speed	60m, 100m
	Lower extremity Power	CMJMV, CMJFT
	Lower extremity Maximum strength	CMJPS, CMJP

3 General Categories	Weight	Parameters	weight
Anthropometry	0.3	height	0.26
		LLB	0.22
		(AC/ ATL) ×100(%)	0.33
		(TC /LLA) ×100(%)	0.19
Physiological	0.25	HGB	0.54
function		Resting heart rate	0.20
		Cardiac work indices	0.26
Motor ability	0.45	60m	0.21
		100m	0.25
		CMJMV	0.18
		CMJFT	0.16
		CMJPS	0.12
		CMJP	0.08

classification	indices	Level 5	Level 4	Level 3	Level 2	Level 1
Anthropometry	Height (cm)	>180	179 ∼ 174.8	174.7 ∼ 170.8	170.7 ∼ 166.3	<166.2
	Score	7.8	6.24	4.68	3.12	1.56
	Leg length B(cm)	>94	93 ∼ 90.51	90.5 ∼ 87.5	87.4 ∼ 85	<84.9
	Score	6.6	5.28	3.96	2.64	1.32
	Ankle Circumference/Achillies tendon length×100(%)	<87.58	87.57 ∼ 93.86	93.85 ∼ 103.03	103.02 ∼ 111.57	>111.58
	Score	9.9	7.92	5.94	3.96	1.98
	Ankle circumference /leg length A×100(%)	>55.51	55.5 ∼ 52.77	52.76 ∼ 49.9	49.89 ∼ 47.6	<47.59
	Score	4.5	3.6	2.7	1.8	0.9
Physiological function	HGB(g/l)	>150	141 ∼ 149	127 ∼ 140	107 ∼ 139	<106
	score	13.5	10.8	8.1	5.4	2.7
	Resting hear rate (times/min)	<59	60 ∼ 63	64 ∼ 71	72 ∼ 76	>77
	Score	5	4	3	2	1
	Cardiac work indices	<4.8	4.9 ∼ 7.1	7.2 ∼ 9.9	10 ∼ 11.4	>11.5
	score	6.5	5.2	3.9	2.6	1.3
Motor ability	60m(s)	<7.15	7.16 ∼ 7.37	7.38 ∼ 7.69	7.7 ∼ 8.09	>8.1
	Score	9.45	7.56	5.67	3.78	1.89
	100m(s)	<11.49	11.5 ∼ 11.84	11.85 ∼ 12.31	12.32 ∼ 13.01	>13.02
	Score	11.25	9	6.75	4.5	2.25
	CMJ(m/s)	>2.9	2.89 ∼ 2.73	2.72 ∼ 2.56	2.55 ∼ 2.38	<2.37
	Score	8.1	6.48	4.86	3.24	1.62
	CMJ(s)	>0.59	0.58 ∼ 0.56	0.55 ∼ 0.52	0.51 ∼ 0.48	<0.47
	Score	7.	5.76	4.32	2.88	1.44
	CMJ MS(N)	>1761	1760 ∼ 1508	1507 ∼ 1285	1284 ∼ 1032	<1031
	Score	5.4	4.32	3.24	2.16	1.08
	CMJ P	>75.45	75.44 ∼ 67.25	67.24 ∼ 59.95	59.94 ∼ 51.67	<51.66
	Score	3.6	2.88	2.16	1.44	0.72

Levels	Relative percentage	Score
Level 5 (excellent)	>P90	>81.6
Level 4 (good)	P70-P90-_{^Δ Δ represents the smallest unit.}	68.54 ∼ 81.5
Level 3 (average)	P30-P70-_{^Δ Δ represents the smallest unit.}	55.46 ∼ 68.53
Level 2 (fair)	P10-P30-_{^Δ Δ represents the smallest unit.}	47.55 ∼ 55.45
Level 1 (poor)	<P10-_{^Δ Δ represents the smallest unit.}	<47.54

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[1] Correspondence: Tseching Liang, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China. liangzejing@gmail.com