PRÁCTICA DEPORTIVA ASOCIADA A LAS CONDUCTAS DE RIESGO PARA LA SALUD EN ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES

Campos, Jhonatan Gritten; Silva, Michael Pereira da; Piola, Thiago Silva; Pacífico, Ana Beatriz; Malta Neto, Nicolau Augusto; Campos, Wagner de

doi:10.1590/1517-869220202604222870

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Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev Bras Med Esporte 26 (4) • Jul-Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202604222870 copiar

PRÁCTICA DEPORTIVA ASOCIADA A LAS CONDUCTAS DE RIESGO PARA LA SALUD EN ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Introducción

La práctica deportiva estructurada es esencial para la salud de los adolescentes, ya que la adolescencia es un período en el que ocurren varios cambios físicos, psicológicos, cognitivos y sociales, en el que el sentimiento de autonomía en la toma de decisiones puede llevarlos a adherirse a ciertas conductas de riesgo para la salud.

Objetivos

Verificar la asociación entre la práctica deportiva y las conductas de riesgo para la salud en atletas adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 367 atletas (15,68 ± 0,78 años) de Curitiba/PR. Los factores asociados y las conductas de riesgo para la salud (CRS) se evaluaron a mediante cuestionarios. La regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta se utilizó para analizar los factores asociados a las CRS, adoptando p < 0,05.

Resultados

El deporte de equipo se asoció positivamente con un mayor tiempo de televisión (CD: 3,11, IC del 95%: 1,13-8,58). Los años de práctica se asociaron positivamente con un mayor tiempo de televisión (CD: 1,14, IC del 95%: 1,01-1,29) y videojuegos (CD: 1,12, IC del 95%: 1,01-1,25). Se encontraron asociaciones negativas para el volumen de entrenamiento semanal en el tiempo de videojuegos más largo (CD: 0,92; IC del 95%: 0,86-0,99), en el bajo consumo de vegetales (CD: 0,98; IC 95%: 0,96-0,99) y consumo leve (CD: 0,95; IC del 95%: 0,92-0,99) y excesivo (CD: 0,94, IC del 95%: 0,89-0,99) de bebidas alcohólicas.

Conclusión

El volumen de entrenamiento semanal favorece una reducción en el tiempo de videojuegos, un menor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y un mayor consumo de vegetales en atletas adolescentes. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudios de diagnóstico: investigación de una prueba de diagnóstico; Estudio de pacientes no consecutivos, sin un “estándar de oro” aplicado uniformemente.

Deportes; Conductas de riesgo para la salud; Adolescentes

Sedentary behavior	Screen time equal to or greater than 2 hours (TV and video game), on a normal school day.
Eating habits	Consumption of fruit, or fruit juice, twice a day or less often, in the last 7 days prior to the survey. Consumption of vegetables twice a day or less often, in the last 7 days prior to the survey.
Alcohol consumption	Light: consumption of at least one dose of alcohol in the 30 days prior to the survey. Excessive: consumption greater than 5 doses of alcohol on at least one day in the 30 days prior to the survey.
Sexual behavior	Not having used a condom the last time they had sex.
Violent behavior	Involved in physical altercations in the last 12 months prior to the survey.

Variable	Total (n=367)		Boys (n=262)		Girls (n=105)		p
Variable	n	%	N	%	N	%	p
Age
15 years	190	51.8	131	50.0	59	56.2	0.55
16 years	106	28.9	79	30.2	27	25.7
17 years	71	19.3	52	19.8	19	18.1

SES
Class A	186	50.7	130	49.6	56	53.3	0.46
Class B	154	42.0	110	42.0	44	41.9
Class C/D/E	27	7.3	22	8.4	5	4.8

Variable	Total		Male		Female		p
Variable	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	p
Years of participation	4.00	4.50	5.00	4.50	4.00	2.75	0.01
Weekly training volume	10.00	6.50	10.00	6.50	10.00	7.00	0.02

Variable	Total		Boys		Girls		X²	P
Variable	N	%	n	%	n	%	X²	P
TV Viewing Time
<2 hours of TV viewing time	329	89.6	223	88.9	96	91.4	0.504	0.47
≥2 hours of TV viewing time	38	10.4	29	11.1	9	8.6
Video Game Playing Time
<2 hours of video game playing time	319	86.9	224	85.5	95	90.5	1.635	0.20
≥2 hours of video game playing time	48	13.1	38	14.5	10	9.5
Consumption of fruit
Consumption of fruit or 100% fruit juice ≥2x per day in the last 7 days	123	33.5	81	30.9	42	40.0	2.776	0.09
Consumption of fruit or 100% fruit juice <2x per day in the last 7 days	244	66.5	181	69.1	63	60.0
Consumption of vegetables
Consumption of vegetables ≥2x per day in the last 7 days	116	31.6	84	32.1	32	30.5	0.087	0.76
Consumption of vegetables <2x per day in the last 7 days	251	68.4	178	67.9	73	69.5
Light alcohol consumption
Has not consumed alcohol in the last 30 days	269	73.3	195	74.4	74	70.5	0.598	0.43
Has consumed at least 1 dose in the last 30 days	98	26.7	67	25.6	31	29.5
Excessive alcohol consumption
Has not consumed at least 5 doses on a single occasion in the last 30 days	311	84.7	222	84.7	89	84.8	0.000	0.99
Has consumed at least 5 doses on a single occasion in the last 30 days	56	15.3	40	15.3	16	15.2
Risky sexual behavior
I have never had a sexual relationship*	219	59.6	134	51.1	85	81.0	28.796	0.01
Last time you had sex, you or your partner used a condom *	125	34.1	106	40.5	19	18.0
Last time you had sex, you or your partner did not use a condom*	23	6.3	22	8.4	1	1.0
Violent behavior
Has not been involved in a physical altercation in the last 12 months	321	87.5	220	84.0	101	96.2	10.212	0.01
Has been involved in a physical altercation in the last 12 months	46	12.5	42	16.0	4	3.8

	Long TV viewing time			Long video game playing time			Low fruit consumption			Low vegetable consumption
Gross analysis	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p

Sex
Male	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Female	0.77	0.38-1.57	0.48	0.65	0.34-1.26	0.21	0.86	0.72-1.03	0.86	1.02	0.87-1.19	0.76

Age	0.92	0.63-1.36	0.92	0.69	0.46-1.04	0.08	0.96	0.87-1.05	0.96	1.00	0.91-1.09	0.95

SES
Class C/D/E	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Class B	0.42	0.16-1.09	0.07	1.40	0.45-4.33	0.55	0.91	0.71-1.16	0.46	0.96	0.74-1.26	0.81
Class A	0.61	0.25-1.48	027	1.01	0.32-3.17	0.97	0.87	0.68-1.11	0.87	0.97	0.74-1.26	0.83

Type of sport
Individual	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Team	2.32	0.73-7.32	0.14	2.19	0.81-5.87	0.11	1.27	1.00-1.62	0.05	1.15	0.93-1.43	0.19

Sports variables
Years of training	1.09	0.98-1.22	0.09	1.05	0.94-1.16	0.33	0.99	0.96-1.02	0.63	0.97	0.94-1.00	0.06
Weekly training volume	0.99	0.93-1.06	0.92	0.91	0.86-0.97	0.01	0.98	0.96-0.99	0.02	0.98	0.96-0.99	0.02
Weekly training volume: Hours per week (hours x days); SES: Socioeconomic status; Long TV viewing time: ≥2 hours of screen time; Long video game playing time: ≥2 hours of screen time; Low consumption of fruit or 100% fruit juice: <2x per day in the last 7 days; Low consumption of vegetables: <2x per day in the last 7 days; OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; p<0.05.
	Low alcohol consumption			Excessive alcohol consumption			Risky sexual behavior			Violent behavior
Gross analysis	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%Ci	p

Sex
Male	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Female	1.15	0.80-1.65	0.43	0.99	0.58-1.70	0.99	0.11	0.01-0.83	0.03	0.23	0.08-0.64	0.01

Age	1.54	1.26-1.87	0.01	1.81	1.37-2.39	0.01	1.74	1.13-2.68	0.01	1.30	0.93-1.84	0.12

SES
Class C/D/E	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Class B	0.89	0.47-1.70	0.74	1.05	0.39-2.79	0.91	0.57	0.20-1.61	0.29	0.65	0.23-1.83	0.42
Class A	0.88	0.47-1.66	0.71	1.01	0.38-2.67	0.97	0.21	0.06-0.72	0.01	0.98	0.37-2.58	0.96

Type of sport
Individual	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Team	1.10	0.68-1.77	0.68	1.04	0.53-2.01	0.90	0.94	0.33-2.68	0.91	1.63	0.67-3.96	0.27

Sports variables
Years of training	1.01	0.95-1.08	0.56	1.08	0.99-1.18	0.05	0.55	0.47-0.64	0.01	1.09	0.98-1.21	0.09
Weekly training volume	0.96	0.93-0.99	0.02	0.95	0.91-1.00	0.05	0.74	0.69-0.78	0.01	1.01	0.96-1.05	0.61

	Long TV viewing time			Long video game playing time			Low fruit consumption			Low vegetable consumption
Adjusted analysis	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%Ci	p
Sex
Male	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Female	0.84	0.40-1.79	0.66	0.80	0.41-1.57	0.53	0.88	0.74-1.05	0.17	1.02	0.87-1.19	0.74
Age	0.75	0.49-1.14	0.19	0.59	0.39-0.89	0.01	0.94	0.85-1.05	0.31	1.03	0.94-1.14	0.46
SES
Class C/D/E	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Class B	0.45	0.18-1.11	0.08	1.28	0.41-3.99	0.66	0.91	0.71-1.17	0.49	0.96	0.73-1.24	0.76
Class A	0.64	0.27-1.48	0.30	0.88	0.28-2.77	0.88	0.87	0.67-1.12	0.28	0.96	0.74-1.25	0.46
Type of sport
Individual	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Team	3.11	1.13-8.58	0.02	2.00	0.75-5.27	0.16	1.19	0.93-1.53	0.16	1.03	0.82-1.28	0.79
Sport variables
Years of training	1.14	1.01-1.29	0.02	1.12	1.01-1.25	0.03	1.00	0.97-1.03	0.94	0.97	0.94-1.00	0.07
Weekly training volume	1.01	0.94-1.09	0.66	0.92	0.86-0.99	0.02	0.98	0.97-1.00	0.11	0.98	0.96-0.99	0.03
Weekly training volume: Hours per week (hours x days); SES: Socioeconomic status; Long TV viewing time: ≥2 hours of screen time; Long video game playing time: ≥2 hours of screen time; Low consumption of fruit or 100% fruit juice: <2x per day in the last 7 days; Low consumption of vegetables: <2x per day in the last 7 days; OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; p<0.05.
	Light alcohol consumption			Excessive alcohol consumption			Risky sexual behavior			Violent behavior
Adjusted analysis	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI	p

Sex
Male	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Female	1.22	0.85-1.75	0.26	1.12	0.66-1.92	0.66	0.12	0.01-0.90	0.03	0.23	0.08-0.62	0.01

Age	1.64	1.32-2.03	0.01	1.82	1.34-2.48	0.01	1.61	0.90-2.87	0.10	1.22	0.84-1.78	0.28

SES
Class C/D/E	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Class B	0.90	0.49-1.65	0.74	1.10	0.44-2.69	0.83	0.68	0.25-1.86	0.45	0.81	0.30-2.19	0.68
Class A	0.99	0.54-1.80	0.97	1.20	0.50-2.89	0.68	0.28	0.08-0.94	0.04	1.38	0.53-3.55	0.50

Type of sport
Individual	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-
Team	0.87	0.54-1.42	0.60	0.86	043-1.72	0.67	0.66	0.22-1.95	0.45	2.36	0.90-6.22	0.08

Sport variables
Years of training	0.96	0.90-1.03	0.31	1.01	0.93-1.11	0.69	0.97	0.82-1.15	0.76	1.05	0.94-1.18	0.33
Weekly training volume	0.95	0.92-0.99	0.02	0.94	0.89-0.99	0.03	0.94	0.87-1.02	0.17	1.04	0.99-1.10	0.11

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[1] Correspondence: Jhonatan Gritten Campos. Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 81530-000 jhonatantec@hotmail.com