COMBINING DIFFERENT CONCURRENT TRAINING METHODS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Da Silva, Marco Antônio R.; França, Elias de; Baptista, Liliana C.; Neves, Rafael S.; Loureiro, Helena; Caperuto, Erico C.; Veríssimo, Manuel T.; Martins, Raul A.

doi:10.1590/1517-8692202228042020_0122

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Original Article, Medical clinic • Rev Bras Med Esporte 28 (4) • Jul-Aug 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228042020_0122 copy

COMBINING DIFFERENT CONCURRENT TRAINING METHODS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

COMBINACIÓN DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO CONCURRENTES EN ANCIANOS CON SÍNDROME METABÓLICO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

There are no studies comparing the effects of different concurrent training routines [i.e., a resistance training plus high-intensity interval training (RT+HIIT) program compared to an RT plus moderate-intensity continuous training (RT+MICT) program] on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the effects of two concurrent training routines, RT+HIIT versus RT+MICT, on CRF and physical fitness in adults and older adults with MetS.

Methods:

Thirty-nine participants (67.0±6.7 years of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: RT+ MICT, RT+ HIIT and the control group (CON, no exercise). The 12-week physical training program consisted of 3 sessions/week (~50 minutes/session). The aerobic training component was customized for iso-caloric energy expenditure (P≥0.217) and iso-load distribution (TRIMP, P≥0.893), however the MICT component had a longer aerobic training time (P≤0.01). We evaluated pre- and post-evaluation CRF (VO₂peak), physical capacity [power of lower limbs (PLL), running velocity, and running time to exhaustion], plasma lactate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), resting heart rate (HR_rest), and peak heart rate (HR_peak).

Results:

At the end of the intervention, a significant increase in the VO₂peak was observed only in the RT+HIIT group (P=0.01), but compared to the CON group both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups had significant improvement in the VO_2peak (P≤0.02). Only the RT+HIIT group had lower HR_rest as compared to the baseline and the CON group. Also, both RT+HIIT and RT+MICT groups, but not CON, significantly improved running speed, time to exhaustion, and PLL (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in HR_peak, RPE, and lactate for any of the groups.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that 12 weeks of RT+MICT or RT+HIIT improve lower-limb physical performance. Also, our results suggest that RT+HIIT provides additional CRF benefits in older adults with MetS. Level of evidence II; Randomized Experimental Study.

Keywords:
High-intensity interval training; Resistance training; Endurance training; Aged

Variables	MICT group (N = 13)	HIIT group (N = 13)	CON group (N = 13)	P value
Woman, N (%)	11 (85%)	9 (69%)	9 (69%)	0.584^† † chi-square test. ‡, independent T-test; §, Mann-Whitney test. BMI, body mass index; HRrest, resting heart rate; HRpeak, heart rate at the end of the test; PLL, power strength of lower limb muscles; WC, waist circumference.
Age, years	71 (5)	63 (7) ^* * P ≤ 0.01, when compared to the MICT group.	68 (4)	0.001
BMI, kg.m^-2	29.3 (5.5)	31.1 (5.5)	29.5 (3.2)	0.633
VO_2peak, mL.kg^-1.min^-1	19.7 (3.9)	21.4 (4.0)	20.5 (3.3)	0.577
Lactate, mmol/L	2.9 (1.4)	3.5 (2.1)	3.7 (1.9)	0.751
Borg scale, CR-10	6 (2)	6 (2)	5 (1)	0.496
PLL, watt	451 (41)	552 (50)	505 (28)	0.334
HR_rest, bat.min^-1	69 (12)	75 (12)	68 (6)	0.154
HR_peak, bat.min^-1	127 (13)	131 (15)	116 (22)	0.206

Weeks	Intensity (Borg scale CR-10)	Repetitions
1 and 2	2	15
3 to 5	3	12-15
6 to 10	4	10-12
11 to 12	5	8-10

Variables	MICT group (N = 13)	HIIT group (N = 13)	P value
Training sessions	29.5 (1.2)	28.(9 2.4)	0.486^§ § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).
Training adherence (%)	82.1 (5.5)	80.3 (6.9)	0.486^§ § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).
12-weeks of AT (min)	738 (5)	433.8 (37)	0.000^§ § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).
12-week RT + AT (min)	1624.6 (104)	1156.9 (99)	0.000§
TRIMP_Banister session	14.34 (5.07)	14.10 (3.91)	0.893^‡ ‡ independent T-test
TRIMP_Banister 12-wks	418.15 (124.93)	415.79 (115.14)	0.967^‡ ‡ independent T-test
ExEE (kcal) session	142.71 (32.26)	126.66 (13.55)	0.217^§ § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).
ExEE (kcal) 12-wks	4151.97 (1071.49)	3698.68 (442.32)	0.217^§ § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).

Variables	RT plus MICT (N = 13)			RT plus HIIT (N = 13)			CON (N = 13)
	Δ (SE)	P within group	ES	Δ (SE)	P within group	ES	Δ (SE)	P within group	ES	P group interaction
VO₂ peak, mL.kg^-1.min^-1	1.6 (1.1) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.100	-0.424	2.7 (0.7) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.007	-0.566	-1.3 (0.9)	0.167	0.441	0.013
Maximum test speed, km.h^-1	0.5 (0.2) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.012	-0.783	0.7 (0.2) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.001	-0.547	0.2 (0.1)	0.332	-0.124	0.186
Test time, min	1.5 (0.5)	0.003	-0.612	2.1 (0.4) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.000	-0.582	0.1 (0.4)	0.785	-0.057	0.015
Lactate, mmol/L	0.3 (0.8)	0.781	-0.205	-0.1 (0.8)	0.898	0.052	0.7 (0.8)	0.351	-0.229	0.336
Borg scale, CR-10	-0.6 (0.3)	0.133	0.375	-0.3 (0.6)	0.399	0.171	-0.8 (0.3)	0.082	0.624	0.792
PLL, watt	47.1 (11.5) ^* ‡ independent T-test	0.000	-0.318	25.6 (11.8)	0.032	-0.147	1.3 (11.1)	0.909	-0.014	0.028
HR_rest, bat.min^-1	-0.6 (3.5)	0.984	0.056	-7.3 (2.9) ^# § Mann-Whitney test;AT, aerobic training; ExEE, exercise energy expenditure (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual training frequency); RT, resistance training; TRIMP, training impulse (session: from one session; 12wks: multiplied by individual time accumulated).	0.030	0.611	-0.3 (2.0)	0.881	0.057	0.043
HR_peak, bat.min^-1	-1.0 (1.8)	0.850	0.084	3.1 (2.9)	0.534	-0.217	7.6 (3.0)	0.157	-0.315	0.518

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[1] Correspondence: Marco Antônio Rabelo da Silva. Estádio Universitário de Coimbra, Pavilhão 3, Coimbra, Portugal. 3040-248. marcorabelosilva@outlook.com