Modern treatment of acute myeloid leukemias follows well defined guidelines: precise clinical and biological characterization, adequate aggressive chemotherapy, intensive supportive care and eventual early indication of bone marrow transplantation. In this report we present the best results obtained with conventional chemotherapy delivered to a group of pediatric patients between 1986 and 1996 and discuss the strategies for contemporary and more efficient regimens. Forty-three patients with "de novo" acute myeloid leukemias with ages between 6 months and 14.5 years, were treated with a 4-drug induction and consolidation program: AUNO, ARA-C, VCR and DEXA, followed by 60 weeks of maintenance with sequential cycles of ARAC & ASP, CICLO & ETO, DAUNO (6-TG) & ARA-C & VCR & DEXA and 6-TG & ARA-C & VCR & DEXA. CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal ARA-C was undertaken. No child underwent bone marrow transplantation in first remission. A total of 38/43 (84%) children achieved complete remission and event-free survival at 3 years was estimated at 24 ± 7%. The importance of discriminating AML in risk groups with particular attention paid to cytogenetic criteria and new modalities of treatment are discussed. The current relevance of bone marrow transplantations is emphasized.
Acute myeloid leukemia; pediatric age; conventional treatment; allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
