Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still a concern for hematologists as it represents a significant percentage of adult leukemias and the therapeutic success rates are unsatisfactory. In 2000, the Hematology Department of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre defined strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of AML patients according to the FAB subtype classification, age, cytogenetic tests and performance status (ECOG). Patients with promyelocytic leukemia are treated using the AIDA (GIMEMA) protocol with those older than 65 years receiving palliative therapy using hydroxyurea, oral etoposide, thalidomide, subcutaneous cytarabine or an association of drugs. Since October 2001 all our "de novo"AML patients aged 15 to 65 years with non-promyelocytic acute leukemia were prospectively followed up. At diagnosis we start a three phase treatment protocol: induction with a classical "7+3"therapy regimen, that is continuous infusion of 100 mg/m²/day cytarabine for 7 days, 60 mg/m²/day daunorubicin for 3 days and on day 1 an intrathecal cytarabine in AML M4 and M5 cases. After bone marrow recovery, if complete remission is achieved, follow ups involve an identical "7+3"consolidation phase followed by two or three high dose cycles of 6 g/m²/day cytarabine for 3 days. A group of 39 patients diagnosed between October 2001 and December 2005 was followed up until June 2006. Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of the protocol for remission, relapse rates and overall survival. The rate of complete remission was 75%. Relapse occurred in 12/29 (40%) patients and the overall survival rate at 56 months was 37%, showing an improvement on our results of previous decades.
Acute myeloid leukemia; remission rates; chemotherapy; overall survival
