Validation of a questionnaire for the evaluation of informal social support for the elderly: section 2.

The objective of the study was to carry out the factorial validation of the questionnaire for the evaluation of informal social support (ASI) for the elderly.

Method:

It is a descriptive, observational, quantitative type research. It was executed between August and December of 2016 in the municipality of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte and other locations in Brazil. In Inclusion criteria, were have age 60 or older and cognitive ability preserved. We performed Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE). As criterion of exclusion of the items was adopted a reference value greater than or equal to 0.35 of factorial load and greater or equal to 0.5 of commonality per item. To determine the amount of retained factors, the criteria of own values>1, minimum cumulative explained variance of 60% and parallel Horn analysis were observed.

Results:

A sample of 259 elderly people from the five regions of Brazil was obtained. After AFE, 4 items were excluded due to the poverty of their factorial loads, remaining 20 items in 4 retained factors.

Conclusion:

The instrument has good psychometric properties, such as acceptable factor loads and excellent commonalities.

Keywords:
Social Support; Health of the Elderly; Surveys and Questionnaires; Validation Studies; Factor Analysis; Statistics

Authorship

Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves Guedes

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteBrazilNatal, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Odontologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Fisioterapia. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteBrazilNatal, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Fisioterapia. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-1273

Thais Sousa Rodrigues Guedes

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteBrazilNatal, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-4115

André Luiz Lima

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-6638

Kenio Costa Lima

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-4398

Correspondence
Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves Guedes marcelloguedes21@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Graph of own values and factor simulation for Horn Parallel Analysis criterion of Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 2018.

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Table 1
Factor loadings of the 24 original items of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly, with only one Factor extracted. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018

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Table 2
Number of Factors extracted, their own values, percentage explained by the common variance for each possible factor and percentage of the cumulative common variance of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

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Table 3
Matrix of rotational factor loadings with four Extracted Factors, 20 items and their respective commonalities of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

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Table 4
Final questionnaire with items and factors. Values assigned to items and instrument. Arithmetic means and standard deviation per item. Means by Factor. Overall mean and Median of the instrument, after interviews with the elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

Figure 1 Graph of own values and factor simulation for Horn Parallel Analysis criterion of Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 2018.

Table 1 Factor loadings of the 24 original items of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly, with only one Factor extracted. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018

Items	Factor loadings
1	0.746*
2	0.425*
3	0.576*
4	0.718*
5	0.603*
6	0.587*
7	0.314**
8	0.480*
9	0.725*
10	0.447*
11	0.661*
12	0.744*
13	0.693*
14	0.591*
15	0.487*
16**	0.312**
17**	0.292**
18**	0.270**
19	0.620*
20	0.624*
21	0.452*
22	0.628*
23	0.691*
24	0.743*

*Significant for p<0.05; **Items and values with factor loadings lower than 0.35.

Table 2 Number of Factors extracted, their own values, percentage explained by the common variance for each possible factor and percentage of the cumulative common variance of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

Factor Extracted	Own values	Percentage explained by common variance	Percentage of cumulative common variance
1	7.816	38.7%	38.7%
2	2.374	11.8%	50.5%
3	1.621	8.0%	58.5%
4	1.368	6.8%	65.3%
5	1.121	5.6%	70.9%
6	0.943	4.7%	75.6%
7	0.794	3.9%	79.5%
8	0.777	3.8%	83.3%
9	0.754	3.7%	87.0%
10	0.599	3.0%	90.0%
11	0.563	2.8%	92.8%
12	0.449	2.2%	95.0%
13	0.367	1.8%	96.8%
14	0.341	1.7%	98.5%
15	0.188	0.9%	99.4%
16	0.128	0.6%	100%
17	0.000	0.00%
18	-0.017
19	-0.086
20	-0.100
Total Own Value	20.203

Number of factors extracted and percentage of minimum acceptable cumulative common variance and with own values >1 are in bold.

Table 3 Matrix of rotational factor loadings with four Extracted Factors, 20 items and their respective commonalities of the Informal Social Support Questionnaire for the Elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

Factors/Factor loadings of Items	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Commonalities
1	0.571**	0.038	0.499*	-0.013	0.842
2	0.041	0.653**	-0.046	0.028	0.903
3	0.650**	-0.054	-0.235	0.239	0.878
4	0.495**	0.239	0.385	-0.065	0.891
5	0.978**	-0.379	-0.012	0.056	0.838
6	0.584**	-0.009	0.041	0.135	0.892
8	0.224	0.351**	0.039	0.093	0.920
9	0.442	0.100	-0.042	0.500**	0.872
10	-0.088	0.886**	-0.196	0.036	0.851
11	0.316	0.547**	0.144	-0.040	0.873
12	0.453*	0.484**	0.167	-0.079	0.881
13	0.386*	0.526**	0.029	0.060	0.903
14	0.035	-0.068	0.817**	0.428	0.851
15	0.111	-0.163	0.265	0.511**	0.902
19	0.044	0.332*	-0.012	0.679**	0.852
20	0.124	-0.018	0.110	0.703**	0.877
21	0.254	0.100	0.353**	-0.005	0.848
22	0.014	0.109	0.585**	0.460*	0.885
23	0.309	0.208	-0.045	0.518**	0.901
24	0.059	0.681**	0.351	0.078	0.862

*Significant for p<0.05; ** factor loadings to determine the Factor in which the item was assigned.

Table 4 Final questionnaire with items and factors. Values assigned to items and instrument. Arithmetic means and standard deviation per item. Means by Factor. Overall mean and Median of the instrument, after interviews with the elderly. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2018.

Items and Factors	Value attributed to item	Arithmetic Mean Obtained	Standard Deviation
Composition and extension of social network
1. Can you count on people close to you?	4	3.86	(±0.73)
3. Do you have a friend who you see often?	4	3.32	(±1.50)
4. Do you have anyone in your family you can count on and who lives nearby?	4	3.42	(±1.40)
5. Do you have a friend who lives nearby?	4	3.29	(±1.53)
6. Do you have a neighbor who you can count on when you need them?	4	3.14	(±1.64)
Factor 1 Median	20 points
Instrumental support and availability
2. Do you live with a lot of people?	2	0.55	(±0.89)
8. Do you have frequent visitors?	2	1.19	(±0.98)
10. Do you have someone to help with household chores?	2	1.44	(±0.90)
11. Do you have someone to help you leave the house if you need them?	2	1.75	(±0.65)
12. Do you have someone to help you if you are sick or bedridden?	2	1.79	(±0.61)
13. If you are in financial difficulty is there someone who can help you?	2	1.59	(±0.80)
24. Do you have a family member who helps with your care if you need it?	2	1.85	(±0.52)
Factor 2 Median	10 points
Reciprocity and longitudinality
14. Do you participate in any family decisions?	2	1.40	(±0.91)
21. Has the help you have had or would have had in the last 30 days been or would have been satisfactory?	2	1.86	(±0.51)
22. Have you received adequate help from others throughout your life?	2	1.59	(±0.80)
Factor 3 Median	6 points
Emotional support and social participation
9. Do you have someone to talk to?	2	1.83	(±0.55)
15. Do you participate in decisions among friends?	2	0.89	(±0.99)
19. Do you share leisure time with someone?	2	1.70	(±0.69)
20. Is your social contact with others permanent?	2	1.62	(±0.78)
23. When you are sad or miss someone or something is there someone you can talk to about it?	2	1.54	(±0.84)
Overall Factor 4 Mean	8 points
Total Mean obtained in interviews	40.01 (±8.20)
Median (reference value)	42 points
Total value attributed to instrument	50 points

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Validation of a questionnaire for the evaluation of informal social support for the elderly: section 2.

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[1] Correspondence
Marcello Barbosa Otoni Gonçalves Guedes marcelloguedes21@hotmail.com