Identification of terpenes and phytosterols in <i>Dipteryx alata</i> (baru) oil seeds obtained through pressing

Marques, Fernanda G.; Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo R. de; Cunha, Luiz C. da; Paula, José Realino de; Bara, Maria Teresa F.

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.019

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. farmacogn. 25 (5) • Oct 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.019 copy

Identification of terpenes and phytosterols in Dipteryx alata (baru) oil seeds obtained through pressing

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The oil from seeds of Dipteryx alata Vogel, Fabaceae, popularly known as baru, was extracted by hydraulic and continuous screw pressing. A total of eleven chemical constituents obtained by hydraulic pressing, including steroids, mono and sesquiterpenes and tocopherol derivatives were identified by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Compounds limonene, β-elemene, γ-elemene, α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and cycloartenol are being described for the first time in the baru oil.

Keywords:
Dipteryx alata ; Vegetable oil; Pressing extraction; GC–MS; β-Sitosterol

Results	Hydraulic pressing	Continuous screw pressing
Iodine value (g/100 g)	89.88 ± 4.42^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).	89.44 ± 2.59^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).
Saponification value (mg KOH/g)	159.92 ± 3.00^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).	156.41 ± 1.32^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).
Refractive index	1.468 ± 0.000^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).	1.469 ± 0.000^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).
Relative density	0.917 ± 0.038^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).	0.917 ± 0.014^a a No statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05).
Acid value (mg KOH/g)	0.41 ± 0.01^b b Statistically significant difference for this parameter (p ≤ 0.05).	0.30 ± 0.01^b b Statistically significant difference for this parameter (p ≤ 0.05).
Peroxide value (meq/kg)	1.61 ± 0.05^b b Statistically significant difference for this parameter (p ≤ 0.05).	1.36 ± 0.05^b b Statistically significant difference for this parameter (p ≤ 0.05).

Compound	Similarity index	Relative area (%)
		Hydraulic pressing	Continuous screw pressing
β-Sitosterol	89%	63.89	55.30
Stigmasterol	92%	14.21	17.74
α-Tocopherol	96%	7.43	7.72
Campesterol	92%	5.50	7.31
Cycloartenol	90%	4.61	6.43
γ-Tocopherol	91%	3.61	5.44
β-Caryophyllene	94%	0.25	ND^a a Not detected.
γ-Elemene	90%	0.12	ND^a a Not detected.
β-Elemene	95%	0.09	ND^a a Not detected.
α-Caryophyllene	94%	0.08	ND^a a Not detected.
Limonene	90%	0.03	ND^a a Not detected.
Total		100%	100%

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: mbara@ufg.br (M.T.F. Bara).