Gilbert et al., 2001Gilbert, S.D., Clark, T.M., Flores, C.M., 2001. Antihyperalgesic activity of epibatidine in the formalin model of facial pain. Pain 89, 159-165., USA |
Epibatidine |
Rats (SD/M) |
1–5 µg/kg |
50 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (5%) into one vibrissal pad |
Grooming, rubbing and/or scratching face |
– |
N |
Y |
Mittal et al., 2009Mittal, N., Joshi, R., Hota, D., Chakrabarti, A., 2009. Evaluation of antihyperalgesic effect of curcumin on formalin-induced orofacial pain in rat. Phytother. Res. 23, 507-512., India |
Curcumin (Curcuma longa) |
Rats (W/M) |
1–600 mg/kg (i.p.) |
50 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (5%) into one vibrissal pad |
Grooming, and/or scratching face |
– |
N |
N |
Holanda-Pinto et al., 2008Holanda-Pinto, S.A., Pinto, L.M.S., Guedes, M.A., Cunha, G.M., Chaves, M.H., Santos, F.A., Rao, V.S., 2008. Antinociceptive effect of triterpenoid α,β-amyrin in rats on orofacial pain induced by formalin and capsaicin. Phytomedicine 15, 630-634., Brazil |
α,β-amyrin (Protium heptaphyllum) |
Rats (W/M) |
10–100 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (1.5%), capsaicin (1.5 µg) into one vibrissal pad |
Face-rubbing |
– |
N |
N |
Siqueira et al., 2010Siqueira, R.S., Bonjardim, L.R., Araújo, A.A.S., Araújo, B.E., Melo, M.G., Oliveira, M.G., Gelain, D.P., Silva, F.A., DeSantana, J.M., Albuquerque-Júnior, R.L., Rocha, R.F., Moreira, J.C., Antoniolli, A.R., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2010. Antinociceptive activity of atranorin in mice orofacial nociception tests. Z. Naturforsch. C 65C, 551-561., Brazil |
Atranorin (AT)/Liquen (Cladina kalbii Ahti) |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
N |
N |
Quintans-Júnior et al., 2010Quintans-Júnior, L.J., Melo, M.S., De Sousa, D.P., Araujo, A.A., Onofre, A.C., Gelain, D.P., Gonçalves, J.C., Araújo, D.A., Almeida, J.R.G.S., Bonjardim, L.R., 2010. Antinociceptive effects of citronellal in formalin-, capsaicin, and glutamate-induced orofacial nociception in rodents and its action on nerve excitability. J. Orofac. Pain 24, 305-312., Brazil |
Citronellal (Cymbopogon genus) |
Mice (S/M) |
50–200 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
Single sucrose gap electrophysiologic assays |
Y |
N |
Bonjardim et al., 2011Bonjardim, L.R., Silva, A.M., Oliveira, M.G.B., Guimarães, A.G., Antoniolli, A.R., Santana, M.F., Serafini, M.R., Santos, R.C., Araújo, A.A., Estevam, C.S., Santos, M.R., Lyra, A., Carvalho, R., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., Azevedo, E.G., Botelho, M.A., 2011. Sida cordifolia leaf extract reduces the orofacial nociceptive response in mice. Phytother. Res. 25, 1236-1241., Brazil |
Ethanol, chloroform, methanol extract fractions (S. cordifolia) |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (p.o.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
N |
N |
Venancio et al., 2011, Brazil |
(Ocimum Basilicum) and (−)-linalool |
Mice (S/M) |
50–200 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
Field potential recordings. electrophysiologic assays |
N |
N |
Santana et al., 2011Santana, M.F., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., Cavalcanti, S.C.H., Oliveira, M.G.B., Guimarães, A.G., Cunha, E.S., et al, 2011. p-cymene reduces orofacial nociceptive response in mice. Revista Brasileria Farmacogen 21, 1138-1143., Brazil |
p-Cymene |
Mice (S/M) |
25–100 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
N |
N |
Brito et al., 2013Brito, R.G., Santos, P.L., Prado, D.S., Santana, M.T., Araújo, A.A., Bonjardim, L.R., Santos, M.R., de Lucca Júnior, W., Oliveira, A.P., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2013. Citronellol reduces orofacial nociceptive behaviour in mice – evidence of involvement of retrosplenial cortex and periaqueductal grey areas. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 112, 215-221., Brazil |
Citronellol (Cymbopogon citrates, C. winterianus) |
Mice (S/M) |
25–100 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
Immunofluorescence |
Y |
N |
Guimarães et al., 2012Guimarães, A.G., Silva, F.V., Xavier, M.A., Santos, M.R., Oliveira, R.C., Oliveira, M.G., Oliveira, A.P., De Souza, C.C., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2012. Orofacial analgesic-like activity of carvacrol in rodents. Z. Naturforsch. C 67C, 481-485., Brazil |
Carvacrol |
Mice (S/M) |
25–100 mg/kg (i.p.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
Y |
N |
Paixão et al., 2013Paixão, M.S., Melo, M.S., Oliveira, M.G.B., Santana, M.T., Lima, A.C., Damascena, N.P., Dias, A.S., Araujo, B.S., Estevam, C.S., Botelho, M.A., Quintans-Junior, L.J., 2013. Hyptis pectinata: redox protection and orofacial antinociception. Phytother. Res. 27, 1328-1333., Brazil |
Aqueous extract (Hyptis pectinata) |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (p.o.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
TBARS DPPH |
Y |
N |
Lima et al., 2013bLima, A.C., Paixão, M.S., Melo, M., de Santana, M.T., Damascena, N.P., Dias, A.S., Porto, Y.C., Fernandes, X.A., Santos, C.C., Lima, C.A., Quintans Júnior, L.J., Estevam, C.S., Araújo, B.S., 2013b. Orofacial antinociceptive effect and antioxidant properties of the hydroethanol extract of Hyptis fruticosa salmz ex Benth. J. Ethnopharmacol. 146, 192-197., Brazil |
Hydroethanol extract (Hyptis fruticosa) |
Mice (S/M) |
50–200 mg/kg (p.o.) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
TBARS |
Y |
N |
Nomura et al., 2013Nomura, E.C.O., Rodrigues, M.R.A., Silva, C.F., Hamm, L.A., Nascimento, A.M., de Souza, L.M., Cipriani, T.R., Baggio, C.H., Werner, M.F., 2013. Antinociceptive effects of ethanolic extract from the flowers of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 150, 583-589., Brazil |
Ethanolic extract (Acmella oleracea)
|
Mice (S/M) |
10–100 mg/kg (i.p) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), cinnamaldehyde (13.2 µg) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
N |
N |
Quintans et al., 2014aQuintans, J.S.S., Brito, R.G., Aquino, P.G.V., França, P.H., Siqueira-Lima, P.S., Santana, A.E., Ribeiro, E.A., Salvador, M.J., Araújo-Júnior, J.X., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2014a. Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium cumini leaves ethanol extract on orofacial nociception protocols in rodents. Pharm. Biol. 52, 762-766., Brazil |
Ethanolic extract (Syzygium cumini) |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (p.o) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
Y |
Y |
Siqueira-Lima et al., 2014Siqueira-Lima, P.S., Araújo, A.A.S., Lucchese, A.M., Quintans, J.S., Menezes, P.P., Alves, P.B., Lucca Júnior, W., Santos, M.R., Bonjardim, L.R., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2014. β-cyclodextrin complex containing Lippia grata leaf essential oil reduces orofacial nociception in mice – evidence of possible involvement of descending inhibitory pain modulation pathway. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 114, 188-196., Brazil |
β-Cyclodextrin complex containing essential oil (Lippia grata) |
Mice (S/M) |
6–24 mg/kg (p.o) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
Immunofluorescence |
Y |
Y |
Quintans et al., 2014bQuintans, J.S.S., Costa, E.V., Tavares, J.F., Souza, T.T., Araújo, S.S., Estevam, C.S., Barison, A., Cabral, A.G.S., Silva, M.S., Serafini, M.R., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., 2014b. Phytochemical study and antinociceptive effect of the hexanic extract of leaves from Combretum duarteanum and friedelin, a triterpene isolated from the hexanic extract, in orofacial nociceptive protocols. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 24, 60-66., Brazil |
Hexanic extract (Combretum duarteanum) and friedelin |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (p.o) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
– |
Y |
Y |
Damascena et al., 2014Damascena, N.P., Souza, M.T., Almeida, A.F., Cunha, R.S., Damascena, N.P., Curvello, R.L., Lima, A.C., Almeida, E.C., Santos, C.C., Dias, A.S., Paixão, M.S., Souza, L.M., Quintans Júnior, L.J., Estevam, C.S., Araujo, B.S., 2014. Antioxidant and orofacial anti-nociceptive activities of the stem bark aqueous extract of Anadenanthera colubrina (Velloso) Brenan (Fabaceae). Nat. Prod. Res. 28, 753-756., Brazil |
Aqueous extract (Anadenanthera colubrina) |
Mice (S/M) |
100–400 mg/kg (p.o) |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%), capsaicin (2.5 µg), 40 µl glutamate (25 µM) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
DPPH, MDA, TBARS, AAPH, FeSO4
|
Y |
N |
Nowacki et al., 2015Nowacki, L.C., Worfel, P.R., Martins, P.F.A., Santos, R.S., Stechman-Neto, J., Souza, W.M., 2015. Analgesic effect of Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum for orofacial pain. Braz. J. Oral Sci. 14, 60-65., Brazil |
Hydroalcoholic extract (Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Piper methysticum) |
Mice (S/M) |
NR |
20 µl subcutaneous injection of formalin (2%) into the right upper lip (perinasal area) |
Face-rubbing |
Hematological and hepatic markers |
N |
N |